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Targeting Violence Reduction in Brazil: Policy Implications from a Spatial Analysis of Homicide

MATTHEW C. INGRAM AND MARCELO MARCHESINI DA COSTA

  • 25 enero 2018
  • Ingresado por: Nicolas Devia
  • Visto: 1310
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Poverty, segregation, inequality and lack of access to public services combine in Brazil, resulting in a grave situation of violence in one of the fastest growing countries on Earth. “Targeting Violence Reduction in Brazil: Policy Implications from a Spatial Analysis of Homicide” is a report produced by the Latin America Initiative of the Brooking Institute that seeks to identify the impact of public policies in homicide rates, using Brazil as a case of study. Going even further, the report has as an objective to provide a guide on how to modify existing policies for them to be more effective using evidence-based methods. Ingram and Da costa provide evidence on how poverty reduction programs have a direct impact on the reduction of violence in the communities where this sort of projects are applied. Also, they emphasize on the need to prioritize hot-spot policing over other types of policing due to its effectiveness shown in reality.

The authors develop their study by desegregating Brazil into its respective municipalities, building a new map of homicides in the country. What the map shows in a first instance is the unequal distribution of violence between municipalities and the influence that a predominately violent municipality could have on its neighbors. Data showed that violence spills out of the municipalities into the bordering regions. The most visible evidence of it is the cluster of violent municipalities at the East Cost of Brazil: from Rio de Janeiro to the State of Ceara at the North of the mentioned coast. All violent crimes studied (homicide of males, femicide, homicide of young population and homicide of black people) have a remarkable high rate in that area. This phenomenon can also be seen in the state of Para and Mato Grosso.

When analyzing the types of homicides to define hot and cold spots of violence, gender plays an important variable: municipalities considered as cold spots for homicides to males or youth population are however hot spots for femicides. Still, in broad terms males are the ones most involved in violence and homicides as the data shows. The role of women in preventing violence is prevalent corresponding to the evidence: while families where the mother is both responsible for the children and working are more prone to be involved in violent situations, those who receive monetary incentives from the government constitute a source for stability and economic revival for their municipalities. Programs such as “Bolsa Familia” are then a model to follow in poverty and violence prevention as they are for social inclusion and equality.

Global Plan of Action to prevent interpersonal violence

Global Plan of Action to prevent interpersonal violence

The global plan of action is a technical document informed by evidence, best practices and existing WHO technical guidance. It offers a set of practical actions that Member States may take to strengthen health system and intersectoral actions to prevent and respond to interpersonal violence in general, and against women and girls, and against children, in particular. The plan also outlines Actions that the WHO Secretariat is expected to carry out in support of Member States.

EL SALVADOR: PROYECTO MUNICIPIOS LIBRES DE ARMAS (PMLA)

Buenas Prácticas y Lecciones Aprendidas

EL SALVADOR: PROYECTO MUNICIPIOS LIBRES DE ARMAS (PMLA)

Institución responsable

Consejo Nacional de Seguridad Pública (CNSP)

Año de implementación

2004

Público objetivo

Población en situación de Riesgo

Ámbito de aplicación:

Municipal - San Martin e Ilopango

Eje temático

Control de Factores de Riesgo o Protección

Evaluador

PNUD-Ignacio Cano

Documento Evaluación

http://www.pnud.org.sv/2007/content/view/27/83?id_publ=59

COLOMBIA: PLAN NACIONAL DE VIGILANCIA COMUNITARIA POR CUADRANTES (PNVCC)

Buenas Prácticas y Lecciones Aprendidas

COLOMBIA: PLAN NACIONAL DE VIGILANCIA COMUNITARIA POR CUADRANTES (PNVCC)

Institución responsable

Policía Nacional de Colombia

Año de implementación

Febrero de 2010 - presente

Público objetivo

Población en general

Ámbito de aplicación:

Nacional - Colombia

Eje temático

Mejoras en el Funcionamiento del Sistema de Justicia Criminal

Evaluador

Fundación Ideas para la Paz (FIP) – María Victoria Llorente

Documento evaluación

http://www.ideaspaz.org/publications/posts/73

Global Migration Data Analysis Centre: Data Briefing Series | Issue No. 9, July 2017

Global Migration Data Analysis Centre: Data Briefing Series | Issue No. 9, July 2017

This data briefing analyses people’s migration intentions globally for the period of 2010–2015. The briefing also explores to what degree data on migration potential can be a useful predictor of actual migration by comparing results from Gallup surveys with data on officially recorded migrant in- and outflows.

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