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Repositorio

Los temas a discusión en este portal ya han sido analizados por múltiples actores. En este repositorio la SG/OEA reúne algunos de ellos, como una contribución más a la discusión. Este repositorio tiene dos secciones: En la de Políticas integraremos información sobre políticas relevantes a los temas a debate que estén siendo implementadas por los Estados Miembros, Estados Observadores y otros Estados del mundo. En la de Estudios incluiremos análisis, informes y reportes publicados por instituciones académicas, centros de pensamiento, organizaciones internacionales y multilaterales, organizaciones no gubernamentales y entes privados, todos ellos de reconocido prestigio, que sean relevantes para la conversación. La OEA publicará estos artículos e informes en su idioma original.

World TradeStatisticalReview2020

  • 31 octubre 2020

The volume of world merchandise trade has fallen precipitously in the first half of 2020 as the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the global economy. Leading indicators provide clues about the extent of the slowdown and how it compares with earlier crises.

OECD - Biodiversity and the economic response to COVID-19: Ensuring a green and resilient recovery

  • 31 octubre 2020

This Policy Brief focuses on the vital role of biodiversity for human life and the importance of integrating biodiversity considerations into the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. The Brief first outlines how biodiversity loss is a key driver of emerging infectious diseases and poses a variety of other growing risks to businesses, society and the global economy. Investing in the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity can help to address these risks, while providing jobs, business opportunities and other benefits to society.

WEF - The Dark Side of Digitalization – and How to Fix It

  • 31 octubre 2020

The digital economy has finally arrived. During the mid-1990s, technology enthusiasts predicted that the rapid spread of the internet and super-computing would generate new efficiencies, innovations and economies of scale. But the promised revolution in e-business and e-commerce stalled when the dot-com bubble burst. Since then, however, the world's digital footprint has increased exponentially. Today, global IP traffic is almost 150,000 GB per second compared to 100 GB per day three decades ago. Ubiquitous data and connectivity – around 60 zettabytes are anticipated in 2020 and almost three times as much by 2025 – is powering the new economy. The spread of cloud computing, artificial intelligence and billions of digitally connected devices are taking things to an entirely new level. These trends have only accelerated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OECD/ CAF/CEPAL/CE - Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2020

  • 31 octubre 2020

En este Resumen del informe Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2020 (LEO 2020 por sus siglas en inglés) se analiza cómo la transformación digital puede ayudar a la región a enfrentar estos tiempos difíciles. La pandemia del COVID-19 está teniendo un profundo impacto en las condiciones socioeconómicas de América Latina y el Caribe, acentuando un escenario ya muy complejo debido a las debilidades estructurales existentes en la región. Esta crisis sin precedentes llega en un momento de altas aspiraciones de la sociedad y refuerza la necesidad de transformar el modelo de desarrollo de la región. El informe explora cómo la transformación digital puede ayudar a hacer frente a la situación socioeconómica actual, impulsar la productividad, fortalecer las instituciones y lograr niveles más altos de inclusión y bienestar. El LEO 2020 también destaca el papel clave que las alianzas internacionales tienen para aprovechar los beneficios de la transformación digital.

UN Women From Insights to Action: Gender Equality in the wake of COVID-19

  • 31 octubre 2020

The COVID-19 crisis will dramatically increase the poverty rate for women and widen the gap between men and women who live in poverty, according to new data released today by UN Women and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The poverty rate for women was expected to decrease by 2.7 percent between 2019 and 2021, but projections now point to an increase of 9.1 percent due to the pandemic and its fallout.

UNDP - Las consecuencias de largo alcance de COVID-19

  • 31 octubre 2020

Con hasta 100 millones más de personas que son arrastradas a la pobreza extrema en 2020, 1,4 mil millones de niños y niñas afectados por el cierre de escuelas y un desempleo récord, COVID-19 es un gran impedimento para el progreso humano. El PNUD ha predicho que el desarrollo humano mundial va camino de retroceder este año por primera vez desde que se introdujo el concepto.

What 800 Executives Envision for the Postpandemic Workforce /McKINSEY&COMPANY

  • 31 octubre 2020

For example, during the pandemic, American Eagle Outfitters deployed robots to help it sort clothes in its warehouses to meet a surge of online orders, and IBM saw a surge in new customers in the second quarter of 2020 for its AI-driven Watson Assistant, a platform for deploying chatbots and other customer services.3 Use of such technologies allows contactless customer interaction in a period when human contact is discouraged and builds resilience by limiting reliance on virus-susceptible employees. Providers of cloud services, such as Amazon and Alibaba, have announced plans to markedly step up investment in cloud services, an indication that they expect increased demand related to changes in the workplace post-COVID

IOM - Cross-border Human Mobility Amid and After COVID-19

  • 31 octubre 2020

International human mobility has been drastically reduced, with border closures and travel restrictions of unprecedented scale. With a few exceptions, almost all countries have restricted international mobility. As they contemplate removing internal restrictions and reopening borders, states are confronted with a high level of uncertainty and one common challenge: how to resume cross-border mobility while safeguarding global public health?

ILO - COVID-19 and the World of Work. Sixth Edition Updated Estimates and Analysis

  • 31 octubre 2020

At 94 per cent, the overall share of workers residing in countries with workplace closures of some sort remains high. The share of workers in countries with required closures for all but essential workplaces across the entire economy or in targeted areas is still significant, though there are large regional variations. Among uppermiddle-income countries, around 70 per cent of workers continue to live in countries with such strict lockdown measures in place (whether nationwide or in specific geographical areas), while in low-income countries, the earlier strict measures have been relaxed considerably, despite increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases

CEPAL - Sistemas alimentarios y COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe: Respuesa del mercado laboral

  • 31 octubre 2020

La pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) llegó a América Latina y el Caribe en un momento de vulnerabilidad macroeconómica. A pesar de las medidas extraordinarias y, a menudo, sin precedentes, introducidas en todo el mundo, el daño causado por la crisis del COVID-19 a los mercados laborales es enorme y deja a los responsables de la formulación de políticas frente a importantes desafíos políticos. La recuperación durante el resto de este año será lenta e incompleta y, en gran medida, dependerá de las decisiones que se tomen, así como de la trayectoria futura de la pandemia. El mundo saldrá de esta situación con mayores niveles de desempleo, desigualdad, pobreza, deuda y presión social. Por lo que el proceso de recuperación representará un inmenso desafío para los países, en donde será indispensable el apoyo de la comunidad internacional. En este escenario no se puede perder la oportunidad de, esta vez, reconstruir mejor, en lugar de reconstruir como siempre, con los mismos límites de siempre.

FMI - Se necesita con urgencia una reforma de la arquitectura internacional de la deuda

  • 31 octubre 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha empujado los niveles de deuda hasta nuevos máximos. En comparación con finales de 2019, se proyecta que los coeficientes de endeudamiento promedio en 2021 aumenten un 20% del PIB en las economías avanzadas, un 10% del PIB en las economías de mercados emergentes y aproximadamente un 7% en los países de bajo ingreso. Estos incrementos se suman a unos niveles de deuda que ya son históricamente altos. Si bien muchas economías avanzadas todavía tienen capacidad de endeudamiento, los países de mercados emergentes y los de bajo ingreso afrontan limitaciones mucho más restrictivas de su capacidad de contraer nuevas deudas.

BROOKINGS - How Much is COVID-19 Hurting State and Local Revenues?

  • 31 octubre 2020

As in other economic downturns, the pandemic has reduced state and local revenues, but this time is different. Declines in income tax revenues are likely to be smaller than projections based on historical experience because employment losses have been unusually concentrated on low-wage workers (who pay less income taxes than higher-wage workers), the stock market has held up so far (sustaining taxes on capital gains), and the federal government has increased and expanded unemployment insurance benefits and grants to business, which will shore up taxable income. On the other hand, declines in sales and other taxes and fees are larger than historical experience would suggest, because consumption has fallen so sharply and people are staying home—meaning that revenues from taxes and fees on hotels, tolls, airports, and motor fuel have plummeted.

UN Women - 1COVID-19 Global Gender Response Tracker

  • 31 octubre 2020

The purpose of the tracker is to assess the gender sensitivity of these measures. It is based on publicly available information, including official government documents, media coverage, and existing policy repositories that track government responses to COVID-19. Data on measures was also provided by UNDP and UN Women country offices. The tracker assesses the available information on the design features of policy measures. It does not conduct assessment of the gender impact of these measures, nor does it make a ranking of countries based on their policy responses.

Mckinsey&Company - Accelerating winds of change in global payments

  • 31 octubre 2020

For the global payments sector, the events of 2020 have reset expectations and significantly accelerated several existing trends. The COVID-19 public- health crisis and its many repercussions—among them, government measures to protect citizens and rapid changes in consumer behavior—changed the operating environment for businesses, large and small, around the world. For the payments sector, global revenues declined by an estimated 22 percent in the first six months of the year compared with the same period in 2019. We expect revenues to recover (only to a degree) in the second half of 2020, ending 7 percent lower than full-year 2019. Over the past several years, payments revenues had grown by roughly 7 percent annually, which means this crisis leaves revenues 11 to 13 percent below our prepandemic revenue projection for 2020.

ILO: 34 million jobs lost by the COVID-19 crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean

  • 30 septiembre 2020

It says that during this crisis "34 million workers lost their jobs (some temporarily)", according to available information from nine countries that represent more than 80 per cent of the economically active population of the region. The employment rate reached 51.1 per cent in the first quarter, a reduction of 5.4 percentage points compared to the data for the same period of the previous year, which represents "a historical minimum value."

The report also highlights that as of the third quarter of 2020, levels of economic activity have slightly improved. Data reveals a beginning of recovery in employment and a return of some workers to the labour force.

What now? Decisive actions to emerge stronger in the next normal/McKINSEY&COMPANY

  • 30 septiembre 2020

One priority, then, is to reenergize the organization—to act rather than react. Even as the COVID-19 crisis continues to create a world of uncertainty, the goal must be to rebuild for the longer term. Companies that are strong and resilient will be better placed to survive and prosper. Those are qualities that can’t be taken for granted; they need to be cultivated.

“When Will We Have a Vaccine?” — Understanding Questions and Answers about Covid-19 Vaccination/NEJM

  • 29 septiembre 2020

As Covid-19 vaccines move into phase 3 clinical trials, enthusiasm about the innovative and sophisticated technologies being used needs to be replaced by consideration of the actions and messages that will foster trust among clinicians and the public. Although vast investments have been made in developing safe and effective vaccines, it is important to remember that it is the act of vaccination itself that prevents harm and saves lives. Considered fully, the question “When will we have a Covid-19 vaccine?” makes clear the many ways in which efforts related to both the “when” and the “we” can affect vaccination uptake. Recognizing the significance of both aspects of the question can help public health officials and scientists both to hone current messaging related to Covid-19 vaccines and to build a better foundation for clinicians who will be educating patients and parents about vaccination.

Supporting Migrants and Remittances as COVID-19 Rages On/ IMF

  • 29 septiembre 2020

Just as COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted some communities more than others, globally, the virus has had an oversized negative impact on migrant workers.

Perhaps surprisingly, despite the bleak experience for foreign overseas workers during the pandemic, the effect on remittances—the flow of money they send back home—has, in many cases, proven resilient. But that trend may yet be upended.

The impact of COVID-19 on education - Insights from Education at a Glance 2020/ OECD

  • 29 septiembre 2020

The lockdowns in response to COVID-19 have interrupted conventional schooling with nationwide school closures in most OECD and partner countries, the majority lasting at least 10 weeks. While the educational community have made concerted efforts to maintain learning continuity during this period, children and students have had to rely more on their own resources to continue learning remotely through the Internet, television or radio. Teachers also had to adapt to new pedagogical concepts and modes of delivery of teaching, for which they may not have been trained. In particular, learners in the most marginalised groups, who don’t have access to digital learning resources or lack the resilience and engagement to learn on their own, are at risk of falling behind.

G20 Labour and Employment Ministers/ G20

  • 29 septiembre 2020

We, the Labour and Employment Ministers of the G20 members and invited countries, met virtually on the 10th September 2020, to discuss recent global economic and labor market developments and to advance our work towards ‘Empowering People’ and ‘Realizing Opportunities of the 21st Century for All.’ This year, COVID-19 has brought an unprecedented global challenge with significant human costs. Fighting and overcoming the pandemic remains our highest and overriding priority. We recognize the importance of protecting and promoting decent jobs for all, especially for women and youth, within our domestic and global labor markets. We support comprehensive, robust and adaptive social protection systems and we are committed to tackling inequalities, including gender inequalities. We acknowledge the value of bringing together technology and a human-centered approach including by using Behavioral Insights in employment policymaking..

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