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Repositorio

Los temas a discusión en este portal ya han sido analizados por múltiples actores. En este repositorio la SG/OEA reúne algunos de ellos, como una contribución más a la discusión. Este repositorio tiene dos secciones: En la de Políticas integraremos información sobre políticas relevantes a los temas a debate que estén siendo implementadas por los Estados Miembros, Estados Observadores y otros Estados del mundo. En la de Estudios incluiremos análisis, informes y reportes publicados por instituciones académicas, centros de pensamiento, organizaciones internacionales y multilaterales, organizaciones no gubernamentales y entes privados, todos ellos de reconocido prestigio, que sean relevantes para la conversación. La OEA publicará estos artículos e informes en su idioma original.

What 800 Executives Envision for the Postpandemic Workforce /McKINSEY&COMPANY

  • 31 octubre 2020

For example, during the pandemic, American Eagle Outfitters deployed robots to help it sort clothes in its warehouses to meet a surge of online orders, and IBM saw a surge in new customers in the second quarter of 2020 for its AI-driven Watson Assistant, a platform for deploying chatbots and other customer services.3 Use of such technologies allows contactless customer interaction in a period when human contact is discouraged and builds resilience by limiting reliance on virus-susceptible employees. Providers of cloud services, such as Amazon and Alibaba, have announced plans to markedly step up investment in cloud services, an indication that they expect increased demand related to changes in the workplace post-COVID

ONU - La salud, el trabajo y la comida: lo que el COVID-19 se llevó en los países más pobres

  • 13 octubre 2020

El trastorno económico y social causado por la pandemia es devastador en todo el mundo, pero especialmente en los países en desarrollo o con crisis humanitarias. El coronavirus ha dejado millones de enfermos, decenas de millones de personas en riesgo de caer en la pobreza extrema y el desempleo, un aumento sin precedentes de la desnutrición, y ha irrumpido en los sistemas alimentarios, afectando desde agricultores hasta consumidores.

ILO: 34 million jobs lost by the COVID-19 crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean

  • 30 septiembre 2020

It says that during this crisis "34 million workers lost their jobs (some temporarily)", according to available information from nine countries that represent more than 80 per cent of the economically active population of the region. The employment rate reached 51.1 per cent in the first quarter, a reduction of 5.4 percentage points compared to the data for the same period of the previous year, which represents "a historical minimum value."

The report also highlights that as of the third quarter of 2020, levels of economic activity have slightly improved. Data reveals a beginning of recovery in employment and a return of some workers to the labour force.

Country policy responses/ ILO

  • 29 septiembre 2020

Countries are taking unprecedented measures to combat the spread of the disease, while ameliorating its pernicious effect on the economy and labour market.

Find out the policies implemented by governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations, and the ILO in 188 countries and territories.

OECD - Building Confidence Crucial Amid an Uncertain Economic Recovery

  • 16 septiembre 2020

If the threat from COVID-19 fades more quickly than expected, improved business and consumer confidence could boost global activity sharply in 2021. But a stronger resurgence of the virus, or more stringent lockdowns could cut 2-3 percentage points from global growth in 2021, with even higher unemployment and a prolonged period of weak investment.

Presenting the Interim Economic Outlook, covering G20 economies, OECD Chief Economist Laurence Boone said: “The world is facing an acute health crisis and the most dramatic economic slowdown since the Second World War. The end is not yet in sight but there is still much policymakers can do to help build confidence.”

OECD - More Can be Done to Ensure a Green Recovery from COVID-19 Crisis

  • 14 septiembre 2020

Many countries are making “green” recovery measures a central part of stimulus packages to drive sustainable, inclusive, resilient economic growth and improve well-being in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. However some countries are also implementing measures that risk having a negative environmental impact and locking in unsustainable growth, according to new OECD analysis discussed by member country ministers today. New OECD analysis, Making the Green Recovery Work for Jobs, Income and Growth, indicates that OECD member governments have committed USD 312 billion of public resources to a green recovery, according to a preliminary estimate that will be refined in the coming months. However, a number of other measures within broader recovery packages are going into “non-green” spending such as fossil fuel investments.

IMF - The One Factor That Could Determine Whether you Keep or Lose Your Job During a Recession

  • 30 julio 2020

There has been much discussion in recent months about how workers who transitioned to working from home—and those who were deemed “essential”—are less affected by the layoffs and job losses brought on by lockdowns than are workers in “social” jobs that require closer human interaction, like restaurant workers. However, our new IMF staff research suggests that this does not tell the full story.

WEF - New Targets Required for Economic Recovery, Argues New World Economic Forum Report

  • 16 julio 2020

Reducing inequality and improving social mobility, identifying new forms of growth, and focusing on new measures of economic performance are among the biggest challenges facing the global economy as countries emerge from lockdown. Current unemployment figures are likely a better barometer of economic health than financial market valuations, and the deglobalization of supply chains may force emerging markets to reconsider growth models. These are some of the findings of the World Economic Forum’s Chief Economists Outlook, published today.

OECD - United States: Extending Support and Lowering Regulatory Barriers Could Energize the Recovery from COVID-19

  • 9 julio 2020

The latest OECD Economic Survey of the United States says that even as some businesses reopen with the lifting of coronavirus confinement measures, hard-hit sectors like hospitality and leisure will continue to need support, as will newly unemployed or displaced workers who may need to look for jobs in different sectors. The recent extension of the US Paycheck Protection Program by five weeks to August 8 is a welcome move to help small businesses struggling with the crisis. Extending exceptional unemployment benefits beyond the end-July cut-off date would offer a similar lifeline to the millions of households at risk of falling into poverty, as would assistance for job search (such as employment placement services) and support for geographic mobility.

OIT: Liberar a más de 150.000 marinos atrapados a bordo de buques a causa de la COVID-19

  • 9 julio 2020

En una declaración conjunta  realizada el 22 de mayo por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI), la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) y la OIT instaron a que se reconozca a la gente de mar como trabajadores esenciales. Ello eximiría a la tripulación de las restricciones de viaje y facilitaría su incorporación a los buques o su salida de ellos.

IMF - A Joint Response for Latin America and the Caribbean to Counter the COVID-19 Crisis

  • 24 junio 2020

Within the region, the Caribbean economies are suffering even more due to their high dependence on one of the most dramatically impacted sectors—tourism—which, for some, accounts for 50 to 90 percent of GDP and employment.

Given the scale of the crisis and unprecedented uncertainty, governments have had to also deploy fiscal measures to strengthen the health system, protect the most vulnerable and support employment and otherwise viable businesses.

New UN Report Offers Blueprint for Greener, More Resilient World of Work

  • 19 junio 2020

Jobs, livelihoods and the well-being of workers, families and businesses across the globe, continue to take a hit from the COVID-19 pandemic; with micro, small and medium enterprises in particular, suffering the dire economic consequences, according to a new policy brief released by the UN on Friday.

IICA lanza foros virtuales para incorporar a jóvenes rurales de las Américas en la reconstrucción de la agricultura post COVID-19

  • 11 junio 2020

Potenciar la inserción de la juventud rural de América Latina y el Caribe en las esferas política, económica y productiva, de cara a la reconstrucción que impone la pandemia de covid-19, es el objetivo de una serie de foros virtuales que se iniciarán el 12 de junio, organizados por el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA).

Con la participación de jóvenes de toda la región, los foros son parte de las acciones del IICA para contribuir a derribar las barreras que enfrenta esta población, relacionadas con acceso a educación, tecnologías, empleo, recursos productivos, tenencia de la tierra y servicios de salud, entre otros campos.

OECD - Global Economy Faces a Tightrope Walk to Recovery

  • 10 junio 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the most severe recession in nearly a century and is causing enormous damage to people’s health, jobs and well-being, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Outlook.

As restrictions begin to ease, the path to economic recovery remains highly uncertain and vulnerable to a second wave of infections. Strengthening healthcare systems and supporting people and businesses to help adapt to a post-COVID-19 world will be crucial, it says.

ILO - Covid-19 Prevention Mitigation Measures: Ten Action Points for Trade Unions

  • 10 junio 2020

Across the globe, Governments are now confronted with the major challenge of putting in place appropriate exit strategies to come out of COVID-19 pandemic. What is the role of trade unions during lockdowns, shutdowns and re-opening? Learn more here...

IOM Releases Global Guidance on International Recruitment and Protection of Migrant Workers

  • 9 junio 2020

Migrant workers can be vulnerable to abuse and exploitation during migration and employment due to factors including unethical recruitment, migration status, fear of deportation, or the inability to find alternative employment, particularly during the current COVID-19 crisis.

The Montreal Recommendations on Recruitment: A Roadmap towards Better Regulation provides clear guidance to policymakers on how to protect migrant workers during recruitment, migration, and employment. It is designed to help develop comprehensive, multi-faceted approaches to promote ethical recruitment, enhance transparency and accountability, and improve the migration and employment outcomes for all stakeholders.

ILO: Release more than 150,000 Seafarers Trapped on Board Ships due to COVID-19

  • 8 junio 2020

The ILO has urged governments, immigration, health and maritime authorities to work together to recognize seafarers as ‘key workers’ who ensure the flow of trade and the movement of vital medical supplies, safety equipment, food and other critical goods during the pandemic.

Employment Situation in Latin America and the Caribbean

  • 31 mayo 2020

Estimates point to a decline in global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020 that will be the largest in decades (by 2%) and to significant contractions in the volume of global trade (by between 13% and 32%).The drop in economic activity, particularly in China, the United States and Europe, is hurting trade volumes and prices in Latin America and the Caribbean, especially for commodities. Some key production sectors in countries of the region form part of global value chains in which the United States and China are fundamental. In addition, many countries will be severely affected by reduced remittances from migrants and the decline in tourism. The deterioration in global financial conditions has increased volatility in the region to record levels, and there have been massive capital outflows from emerging markets, most currencies have depreciated against the dollar and sovereign risk has risen sharply (ECLAC, 2020c).

The COVID-19 Response: Getting Gender Equality Right for a Better Future for Women at Work

  • 31 mayo 2020

Of the 740 million women working in the informal economy,11 42 per cent are found in the abovementioned high-risk sectors, compared to 32 per cent of men.12 Lockdowns and curfews, compounded by limited, if any, access to social protection provisions – including health care, income and food support, and maternity protection – worsen their social and economic situation. For instance, women homeworkers who produce for global supply chains are particularly affected by COVID-19, as their incomes depend heavily on now suspended orders from high-income countries.13 In this context, when gender intersects with other personal characteristics, such as ethnicity, nationality, age, disability or HIV status, there is a risk that both gender disparities and intra-women inequalities will widen further.

COVID-19 Is Also a Reallocation Shock

  • 31 mayo 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to contain the virus are exacting a staggering economic toll in countries around the world. China’s economy shrank 6.8 percent in the first quarter of 2020 on a year-on-year basis, and Eurozone economies shrank at a14.8 percent annualized rate. In the United States, nearly 28 million persons filed new claims for unemployment benefits over the six-week period ending April 25. 1 The U.S. economy shrank at an annualized rate of 4.8 percent in the first quarter of 2020, and many analysts project it will shrink at a rate of 25% or more in the second quarter.2 Yet, even as much of the economy is shuttered, some firms are expanding in response to pandemic-induced demand shifts. As noted in a recent Wall Street Journal article, “The coronavirus pandemic is forcing the fastest reallocation of labor since World War II, with companies and governments mobilizing an army of idled workers into new activities that are urgently needed.”3 In other words, Covid-19 is also a major reallocation shock.

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