Mesures Conservatoires
Résolution No. 19/24
MC 73-24 - Thirteen members of the La Plata Bahía Málaga Community, Colombie
On April 8, 2024, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of thirteen territorial authorities, social leaders and defenders of ethnic-territorial rights of the Community Council of the black communities of La Plata Bahía Málaga, located in Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca. According to the request, the Community Council has resisted claims of territorial control by illegal armed actors and has been suffering armed incursions by these illegal groups since January 2024. The IACHR highlighted the imminence of the risk, underlining the continuity of the threatening events. Consequently, under the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR decided to grant the precautionary measures and requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary and culturally appropriate measures to safeguard the life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries. Among other things, it is requested to take the relevant measures to guarantee that they can safely return to their community;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that the beneficiaries can continue carrying out their activities in defense of human rights without being subjected to threats, intimidation, harassment or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and/or their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to these precautionary measures, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 12/24
MC 51-24 - Cindy Vanessa Arenas Fernández and her family, Colombie
On March 22, 2024, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Cindy Vanessa Arenas Fernández and her family. Cindy Vanessa, an indigenous woman, was the victim of an attempted feminicide and is reportedly being threatened and persecuted, along with her family, by the identified aggressor and individuals from his circle. Meanwhile, the State indicated that it had determined the application of protection measures, without specifying which ones and the beginning of their implementation. The Commission, after evaluating the various actions of the State, deemed them insufficient to prevent the threatening events from continuing. Furthermore, Cindy Vanessa continued to be subjected to death threats, surveillance, and persecution. The mentioned events also extended to members of her family.
Pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Cindy Vanessa Arenas Fernández, Yu'usa Katleen Timaná Arenas, C.L.T.A., and H.S.S.T., with an intersectional approach that considers gender, ethnicity/race, and age, in accordance with the applicable international standards and obligations;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the granting of these precautionary measures, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 88/23
MC 890-23 - 9 journalists from the radio stations, Municipality of Algeciras, Colombie
On December 27, 2023, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of 9 journalists of the Municipality of Algeciras, Huila department, Colombia. It was alleged that they were being subjected to threats and harassment by armed groups, who purportedly carry out acts of violence in the zone. In analyzing the request, the Commission took into account the alleged facts in light of the context it has been monitoring in Colombia and assessed the protection measures that have been implemented over time. However, the Commission considered that the risk has not been duly mitigated, given that the threatening calls and the restrictions on the journalistic work of the proposed beneficiaries have continued. Under the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary and reinforced measures to protect the rights to life and integrity of the beneficiaries;
- adopt the necessary measures so that the beneficiaries can carry out their activities as journalists without being subjected to threats, harassment, or other acts of violence in the exercise of their work. The above includes the adoption of measures so that they can properly exercise their right to freedom of expression;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 73/23
MC 737-23 - Identified relatives of Daniela Santiago Díaz and Nicolás Aristizábal Gómez , Colombie
On December 4, 2023, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights adopted Resolution 73/2023, by which it granted precautionary measures in favor of identified relatives of Daniela Santiago Díaz and Nicolás Aristizábal Gómez regarding Colombia.
According to the request, Daniela Santiago and Nicolás Aristizábal were missing and their families were reportedly receiving threats due to their search actions. After requesting information from the State and receiving additional information from the parties, the Commission regretted and condemned the violent murder of young Daniela Santiago Díaz and Nicolás Aristizábal. The Commission considered that the State is aware, through the denunciations and complaints filed, of the extortion and death threats against the beneficiaries due to the search for the missing youths. The Commission also considered that the lack of information on progress in the investigative processes, as well as the need to reinforce the protection measures in their favor.
Consequently, in accordance with the provisions of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the identified relatives of Daniela Santiago Díaz and Nicolás Aristizábal Gómez;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and,
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 67/23
MC 402-23 - E.R.L., Colombie
The IACHR granted precautionary measures on behalf of E.R.L. after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation of risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Colombia. The Commission assessed that the State has learned, through different national authorities, the medical situation of the beneficiary, who is 38 years old and was identified as a person with cognitive and motor disabilities because he suffers from motor aphasia, right hemiplegia and epilepsy after suffering a cranioencephalic trauma in 2018. The Commission also considered that his condition as a person with psychosocial and physical disability is relevant when understanding the concrete and particular situation that currently places him at risk in light of the alleged facts. Similarly, the Commission considered that the information available indicates that the beneficiary does not have family support or an adequate and safe space for him to be assisted in his medical condition. To date, the Commission has no information indicating that the health situation in the context of the particular economic, social and family situation of the proposed beneficiary has been addressed or overcome. The Commission requested that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of E.R.L. In particular, that the necessary medical care is adopted based on the medical and socioeconomic assessments, and to ensure that it is received in an adequate and timely manner; and
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representative.
Résolution No. 66/23
MC 973-22 - Fabián Andrés Cáceres Palencia et al., Colombie
On November 20, 2023, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the identified members of the board of directors of the Association of Displaced Persons of Catatumbo (ASODESCAT) in Colombia. According to the request, the board of directors of the Association has experienced a series of threats and repeated violent acts over time such as assassinations, attacks, and threats, attributed to armed groups. The IACHR highlighted the imminence of the risk, underlining the recent materialization with the assassination of a member of ASODESCAT and the recent attack against the president of the Association. Consequently, under the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries identified in this resolution;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that the beneficiaries can continue to carry out their activities in defense of human rights without being subjected to threats, intimidation, harassment, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such incidents from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 51/23
MC 308-23 - Jonatan Alberto Palacios Castillo, Venezuela
On September 17, 2023, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Jonatan Alberto Palacios Castillo, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Venezuela. The request alleges that the beneficiary is at risk due to the lack of adequate and timely medical attention during preventive detention, despite repeated judicial decisions in his favor.
According to the applicant, the beneficiary is a Colombian citizen and is being held in pretrial detention at the Western Penitentiary Center II, without receiving the adequate and timely medical attention he purportedly requires. The Commission found that, throughout his detention period, several judicial decisions ordering his medical transfer have not been executed. The foregoing, despite the health condition of the proposed beneficiary, which reportedly led to the fact that to date his medical treatment has not been defined according to his medical condition, with pending assessments to be made.
Upon analyzing the available information, the Commission considered that compliance with the requirements contained in Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure was sufficiently justified. Therefore, it requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Jonatan Alberto Palacios Castillo. In particular, ensuring that he has access to timely medical treatment. This includes, inter alia, making the pertinent medical transfers for the corresponding medical evaluations and follow-ups;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 43/23
MC 532-23 - David Estiven Fernández Soler, Colombie
On July 28, 2023, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of David Estiven Fernández Soler. According to the request, the beneficiary is a young social activist and Youth Advisor of the Kennedy district and has been missing since June 7, 2023, to date. The Commission assessed the available information, and noted that, although investigations are being carried out in this regard, so far there is no information on the fate or whereabouts of David Estiven Fernandez Soler. Upon analyzing the request, the Commission was considered that the beneficiary is at imminent risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to determine Mr. David Estiven Fernández Soler's situation and whereabouts, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 33/23
MC 903-22 - David Mayorga Osorio and José Luis Moreno Álvarez, Colombie
On June 12, 2023, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights adopted Resolution 33/2023, through which it granted precautionary measures to human rights defenders David Mayorga Osorio and José Luis Moreno Álvarez, members of the Integrated Corporation for the Defense of Human, Social, Political, Cultural, Environmental and Business Rights of Colombia (CORPOINDH), considering that their rights to life and personal integrity are at risk.
The Commission noted that the beneficiaries have been subjected to threats and constraints due to their investigations, complaints and advice to the population victim of the armed conflict and by making visible the illicit activities of different armed groups, which operate in the department of Santander and the Magdalena Medio region. Similarly, the Commission noted that, despite the existence of material protection measures, threatening situtations remain over time, and therefore it considered that the risk has continued and has not been mitigated or disappeared to date. Lastly, the Commission expressed its concern that the events faced by the beneficiaries have led them, for certain temporary moments, to have to completely stop their work of defending human rights with a view to protecting themselves.
Consequently, in accordance with the provisions of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR requested that the Republic of Colombia:
- immediately adopt the necessary measures to preserve the life and personal integrity of the identified beneficiaries;
- adopt protection measures that allow the beneficiaries to continue carrying out their activities in defense of human rights without being subjected to threats, intimidation and acts of violence against them;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of the precautionary measures, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 27/23
MC 53-23 - Álvaro Alcides Crespo Hernández and his daughter, Colombie
On May 3, 2023, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Álvaro Alcides Crespo Hernández and his immediate family members. According to the request, the beneficiary is a teacher, member of the Zenú indigenous people and governor of the La Libertad Indigenous Council in the territory of the district of Pica Pica Viejo, municipality of Puerto Libertador, department of Córdoba and would be suffering death threats from illegal armed groups since 2020. The Commission assessed the information provided by the State, however, it noted that the requesting party referred to ongoing death threats and the absence of an assessment of the situation of the proposed beneficiary for the implementation of a suitable protection detail to date. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures and requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures, with the corresponding ethnic approach, to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Álvaro Alcides Crespo Hernández and his daughter;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that Mr. Álvaro Alcides Crespo Hernández can continue to carry out his leadership activities without being subject to threats, intimidation, harassment, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 4/23
MC 931-22 - Guillermo Andrés Mosquera Miranda et al., Colombie
On February 6, 2023, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Guillermo Andrés Mosquera Miranda, Nidia Marcela Montoya, Carlos Mauricio Mosquera Miranda and their families. Guillermo Andrés Mosquera Miranda and his partner, Nidia Marcela Montoya, are teachers in the department of Cauca and peasant social leaders. Carlos Mauricio Mosquera Miranda, was a candidate for the House of Representatives of the legislative elections for the jurisdiction of peace during 2022. According to the request, the beneficiaries have suffered death threats from illegal armed groups, were victims of forced displacement and were subjected to acts of violence. The Commission appreciated the actions taken by the State and the information available; however, it noted that the applicants have referred to the ongoing threats from illegal armed groups and the lack of protective measures taken by the State. Therefore, in the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR decided to grant the precautionary measure and requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and personal integrity of Carlos Mauricio Mosquera Miranda, Guillermo Andrés Mosquera Miranda, Nidia Marcela Montoya, and their family units;
- adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the beneficiaries can continue to carry out their activities as human rights defenders without being subjected to threats, intimidation, harassment, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of these precautionary measures, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 73/22
MC 642-22 - O.P.C. and his family unit, Colombie
On December 19, 2022, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of O.P.C. and his family unit regarding Colombia. The request indicates that the proposed beneficiaries are at risk, after having moved away from their property, due to threats, harassment and acts of violence allegedly carried out by armed groups operating in the area. Pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR decided to grant the precautionary measure and requested that the State of Colombia:
- immediately adopt the necessary measures to preserve the life and personal integrity of O.P.C. and his family, through measures that take into account their situation of displacement, as well as the different approaches that may be relevant;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure.
Résolution No. 70/22
MC 822-22 - Jhon Anderson Ipia Bubu, Colombie
On December 11, 2022, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Jhon Anderson Ipia Bubu. According to the petition, the beneficiary - who is an indigenous leader of the Nasa People of the Kwe'sx Yu Kiwe Indigenous Reservation, delegate of the Nasa people as political coordinator in different spaces, and ethno-educational teacher - is at risk due to receiving various threats and harassment by illegal armed groups, and after being shot at with a firearm. The Commission evaluated the actions carried out by the State and the information available, however, it noted that the petitioners have referred to the continuity of threats from illegal armed groups and the insufficiency of protection measures that the State adopted.
Consequently, under the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR decided to grant the precautionary measure and requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures, with the corresponding ethnic approach, to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Jhon Anderson Ipia Bubu;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that Mr. Jhon Anderson Ipia Bubu can continue to exercise his indigenous leadership without being subjected to threats, intimidation, harassment, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 55/22
MC 261-22 - A.A.V.B. and his family, Colombie
On October 15, 2022, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of A.A.V.B. and his family. According to the request, the beneficiary –who is an Afro-Colombian youth, social, environmental and community leader in Cali– is at risk due to the murder of four members of the movement that A.A.V.B. presides over, and due to acts of threats and harassment by illegal armed groups. The Commission assessed the actions undertaken by the State and the information available. However, it noted that the applicants have referred to ongoing threats from illegal armed groups and the presence of armed persons in the area.
Consequently, under the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR decided to grant the precautionary measure and requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures, with the appropriate ethnic-racial and gender-based approach, to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. A.A.V.B. and his immediate family members;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that Mr. A.A.V.B. can continue to carry out his activities in defense of human rights without being subjected to threats, intimidation, harassment, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 46/22
MC 702-22 - Carlos Santiago Vallejos Mora and his family unit, Colombie
On September 23, 2022, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Carlos Santiago Vallejos Mora upon deciding that he is in a serious and urgent situation of risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the whereabouts or state of the proposed beneficiary has been unknown since August 7, 2022, following his alleged detention by members of the Colombian National Army in the municipality of Ricaurte, in the department of Nariño. Upon analyzing the submissions of fact and law provided by the parties, the Commission considers that the information shows, from the applicable prima facie standard, that Mr. Vallejas Mora is in a serious and urgent situation of irreparable harm to his rights. Consequently, Colombia is requested to:
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of Carlos Santiago Vallejos Mora, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity;
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the identified members of the beneficiary's family unit; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 5/22
MC 858-21 - Families of the Río Murindó and Río Chageradó Reservations of the Embera Eyábida Indigenous People, Colombie
On February 1, 2022, the IACHR decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of the families of the Río Murindó and Río Chageradó Reservations of the Embera Eyábida Indigenous People, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries are at risk, given that their native lands are being occupied by armed groups, carrying out acts of violence that affect the proposed beneficiaries, having reported attacks, harassment, displacement, and even murders. Upon analyzing the submissions of fact and law, the IACHR considers that the information provided shows, in principle, that the beneficiaries are at serious and urgent risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Colombia adopt the necessary and culturally appropriate measures to safeguard the life and personal integrity of the families of the Río Murindó and Río Chageradó Reservations; consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and/or their representatives; and report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 111/21
MC 1113-21 - Abencio Caicedo Caicedo and Edinsón Valencia García, Colombie
On December 31, 2021, the IACHR decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Abencio Caicedo Caicedo and Edinsón Valencia García, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries, who are Afro-descendant leaders and defenders of human rights in their communities and territories in the rural area of Buenaventura and in the Yurumangui river basin, are at risk, given that from November 28, 2021, to date, there is reportedly no information on their whereabouts or fate, and due to the context of special vulnerability for Afro-descendant human rights defenders in which the disappearance occurred. Upon analyzing the submissions of fact and law, the IACHR considers that the information provided shows, in principle, that the beneficiaries are at serious and urgent risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Colombia adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of Abencio Caicedo Caicedo and Edinsón Valencia García, in order to protect their rights to life and personal integrity; and report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 110/21
MC 799-21 - John Fernando Marín Marín, Fredemyr Alberto Marín Marín, and family , Colombie
On December 31, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of John Fernando Marín Marín and Fredemyr Alberto Marín Marín, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiary, John Fernando, has been subjected to threats and harassment against him as a result of his work as coordinator of medical missions in the national strike. In turn, Fredemyr Alberto has been missing since November 10, 2021. Upon analyzing the submissions of fact and law offered by the applicants, the Commission considered that John Fernando Marín Marín and Fredemyr Alberto Marín Marín are prima facie in a serious and urgent situation, given that their rights to life and personal integrity are at risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that the State of Colombia
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of Fredemyr Alberto Marín Marín, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity. In this regard, the Commission urges the State to guarantee effective search actions through its specialized mechanisms created for that purpose;
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and integrity of John Fernando Marín Marín and his family, including his sister M.M.M.
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representative; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 106/21
MC 306-21 - N.V.E., Colombie
On December 24, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the adolescent N.V.E., in Colombia, who is intersex and was diagnosed at birth with "classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia," salt-losing variety, an orphan and incurable disease. The request for precautionary measures alleged delays in the delivery of prescribed medications considered vital and obstacles in scheduling surgeries to modify the adolescent's sexual characteristics. Consequently, the IACHR requested that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of N.V.E. In particular, continue to guarantee that she has access to timely medical and psychological treatment, in accordance with the prescriptions and evaluations of competent physicians and under the applicable international standards, including those concerning intersex persons. These measures must be adopted in accordance with the prior, informed, and free consent of the beneficiary; and
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary's representation and the beneficiary, and if applicable, her father, mother, or guardian, considering her age.
Résolution No. 84/21
MC 845-21 - Ligia del Carmen Ramos Zúñiga, Honduras
On October 12, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures to the defender Ligia del Carmen Ramos Zúñiga, in Honduras. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiary has been the target of threats, harassment and other acts of violence for years, including an alleged plan to assassinate her, which are purportedly due to her work defending human rights and reporting alleged cases of corruption, while no suitable and effective protection measures have been currently implemented by the State in her favor. Upon analyzing the submissions of fact and law by the applicants, the Commission considered that, from the applicable prima facie standard, Ms. Ligia del Carmen Ramos Zúñiga is in a serious and urgent situation, since her rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked the State of Colombia to
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and integrity of Ligia del Carmen Ramos Zúñiga. In particular, the State must ensure that its agents respect the life and personal integrity of the beneficiary, as well as protect her rights from threatening acts attributable to third parties, in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law;
- adopt the necessary measures so that Ligia del Carmen Ramos Zúñiga may carry out her activities as a human rights defender without being subjected to acts of violence, threats, harassment, or other threatening acts in the exercise of her duties. This should include the adoption of measures so that she can properly exercise her right to freedom of expression;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and her representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 81/21
MC 886-21 - Sebastián Quiñónez Echavarría, Colombie
On October 6, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Sebastián Quiñonez Echavarría, in Colombia. According to the request, young Sebastián Quiñonez Echavarría, an active soldier of the National Army under compulsory military service in the High Mountain Battalion No. 3 in the municipality of Dagua, in the Cauca Valley, is in a serious and urgent situation, since from August 23, 2021 to date there has been no information on his fate or whereabouts. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to determine the whereabouts or fate of Sebastián Quiñónez Echavarría, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity; and to report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution so as to prevent their repetition.
Résolution No. 80/21
MC 491-21 - S.G.R.Q. and her nuclear family, Colombie
On October 4, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures of protection in favor of S.G.R.Q. and her next of kin, after considering that they are in a serious and urgent situation posing a risk of irreparable harm to their rights in Colombia. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mrs. S.G.R.Q. and her next of kin. In particular, the State must ensure that the protection measures implemented are sufficiently effective and adequate, taking into account the ethnic, racial and gender perspective, in light of the risks identified in the resolution and in response to the reported shortcomings;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that Mrs. S.G.R.Q. may continue to carry out her activities as a community leader and human rights defender without being subject to threatening incidents against her;
- agree on the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and,
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 69/21
MC 512-21 - José Alberto Tejada Echeverri and Jhonatan Buitrago, Colombie
On August 28, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of journalists José Alberto Tejada Echeverri and Jhonatan Buitrago, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiaries, journalist and cameraman of Canal 2 in Cali, have been the object of threats, harassment and other acts of violence against them, while the State has not implemented any adequate and effective protection measures in their favor. Upon analyzing the allegations of fact and law submitted by the applicants, the Commission found that, from a prima facie standard of review, journalists José Alberto Tejada Echeverri and Jhonatan Buitrago are in a serious and urgent situation, since their rights to life and personal integrity are at risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and humane treatment of José Alberto Tejada Echeverri and Jhonatan Buitrago. In particular, the State should ensure that its agents respect the life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries, as well as protect their rights in relation to threatening acts attributable to third parties, in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law;
- adopt the necessary measures so that José Alberto Tejada Echeverri and Jhonatan Buitrago can carry out their activities as journalists without being subjected to threats, harassment or other acts of violence in the exercise of their work. This includes the adoption of measures so that they can duly exercise their right to freedom of expression;
- agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to avoid their reoccurrence.
Résolution No. 53/21
MC 552-21 - Yiner Hernán Quiguantar Cortés, Colombie
On July 15, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures to Mr. Yiner Hernás Quiguantar Cortés, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiary, a social, youth and indigenous leader in Cauca, has been subjected to threats and harassment, while no suitable and effective protection measures have been implemented in his favor. Upon analyzing the submissions of fact and law provided by the applicants, the IACHR considered, from the applicable prima facie standard of review, that Yiner Hernán Quiguantar Cortés is in a serious and urgent situation, given that his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked the State of Colombia to
- adopt the necessary measures to protect their rights to life and integrity. In particular, the State must ensure that the protection measures implemented are sufficiently effective and adequate, in light of the risks identified in the resolution, so that he can continue to carry out his activities as a social leader and human rights defender, without being subjected to risk events against him;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 45/21
MC 649-20 - Leyner Fonseca Aspirilla and his family, Colombie
On June 1, 2021, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures to Leyner Aspirilla and his nuclear family, in Colombia. When making its assessment, the Commission considered Mr. Palacios' current role in the context of Colombia. After requesting information from the State, the Commission noted the implementation of a series of protection measures in favor of Mr. Palacios and his family. However, the Commission identified a lack of effectiveness of the protection scheme, as well as the continuous incidents that pose a risk to Mr. Palacios. Consequently, the IACHR requested that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures with the corresponding ethnic and gender perspective, to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Leyner Palacios and his family. In particular, the State must ensure that the protection measures implemented are sufficiently effective and adequate, in light of the risks identified in the resolution and by addressing the shortcomings identified;
- adopt the necessary protection measures so that Mr. Leyner Palacios can continue to carry out his activities in defense of human rights without being subjected to incidents of risk against him;
- agree on the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution and thus avoid their reoccurrence.
Résolution No. 6/21
MC 207-20 - Ricardo Calderón Villegas, Colombie
On January 14, 2021, the IACHR granted precautionary measures of protection in favor of Ricardo Calderón Villegas, in Colombia. According to the allegations, Mr. Calderón is at risk due to threats, surveillance and monitoring by individuals identified as agents of the State and other third parties, as a result of his investigations in his capacity as a journalist. Having analyzed the arguments of fact and law submitted by the parties, the Commission requested that Colombia adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Ricardo Calderón Villegas, allowing him to continue to carry out his journalistic activities under safe conditions; to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure so as to prevent their recurrence.
Résolution No. 79/20
MC 349-20 - Jorge Ernesto Zea López, Colombie
On October 28, 2020, the Commission granted precautionary measures to Jorge Ernesto Zea López, a person deprived of liberty in Colombia. According to the request, the proposed beneficiary, who suffers from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is currently deprived of his liberty, does not receive adequate medical treatment for his disease, a situation that may be aggravated in the framework of a COVID-19 infection. The Commission requested that Colombia: a) adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Mr. Jorge Ernesto López Zea; in particular, by providing him with the medical treatment that he requires in a timely manner and without undue delay, as well as guaranteeing that his conditions of detention are in accordance with the applicable international standards. In this regard, the competent authorities must, in accordance with their internal regulations, and while the situation of Mr. Jorge Ernesto López Zea is again submitted to the corresponding technical evaluations, with a view to obtaining an alternative measure to prison, guarantee that the proposed beneficiary is located in an area, space or structure suitable to meet his needs for treatment and prevention against COVID-19, in accordance with the recommendations issued by the respective experts and as indicated by this Commission.
Résolution No. 40/20
MC 154-20 - Yirley Judith Velasco Garrido and family, Colombie
On July 17, 2020, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) issued Resolution 40/2020, whereby it granted precautionary measures of protection to Yirley Judith Velasco Garrido and her nuclear family, after considering that she is at serious and urgent risk of irreparable harm to her rights, within the framework of her work as a social leader and human rights defender in Colombia.
Upon analyzing the arguments of fact and law offered by the parties, the Commission considers that the information provided shows prima facie that Yirley Judith Velasco Garrido and her nuclear family are in a serious and urgent situation, given that their rights to life and personal integrity are at serious risk. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Colombia:
- take the necessary measures to guarantee the rights to life and personal integrity of Yirley Judith Velasco Garrido and her nuclear family;
- adopt the measures to ensure that the proposed beneficiary can continue to carry out her work as a human rights defender without being subject to threats, harassment or acts of violence against her;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- inform on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 22/20
MC 96-20 - Teenager A.A.T.T. and family, Colombie
On May 12, 2020, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of the adolescent A.A.T.T. and her family in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiary, an adolescent, was sexually assaulted in April 2018 and that, in the context of the criminal proceedings arising from these events, she, her family, and her defender were subjected to threats and harassment, which even led to her displacement. Upon analyzing the arguments of fact and law submitted by the applicant, the Commission considered that, from the prima facie standard, the adolescent A.A.T.T. and her family are in a serious and urgent situation, given that their rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect their rights to life and personal integrity, incorporating a gender perspective, and taking into account her condition as an adolescent or the relevant differentiated approaches, in accordance with the applicable international standards and obligations;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions to taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such incidents from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 18/20
MC 183-20 - Narly Gómez Jiménez, Colombie
On April 22, 2020, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Narly Gómez Jiménez and her daughter V.T.M.G., given that the former has been missing since January 27, 2019, in Popayán, Cauca, Colombia, and her whereabouts or fate is unknown to the date, while her daughter reportedly neither has psychological assistance nor measures that guarantee her due safeguard to date.
Upon making the decision, the IACHR noted that the disappearance of women requires exhaustive search activities and that it is essential that police, prosecutorial and judicial authorities act promptly and immediately, ordering timely and necessary measures aimed at determining the victim's whereabouts, as well as appropriate procedures for complaints that may lead to an effective investigation from the very beginning. Similarly, the Commission noted that the special reinforced protection required for children who are direct or collateral victims of violence must be translated into specific and concrete actions by the State.
Upon analyzing the available information, the IACHR in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure requested that Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the whereabouts or fate of Narly Gómez Jiménez, in order to protect her rights to life and personal integrity, as well as take all the necessary measures to guarantee the rights of the girl V.T.M.G.; and
- report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 9/20
MC 1212-19 - M.I.F.M. and family, Colombie
On February 5, 2020, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures to Ms. M.I.F.M. and her family, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures contends that Ms. Martha and her family are being subjected to threats, harassment and acts of violence by her ex-partner, and in 2019 a firearm attack purportedly already came to fruition in which she and one of the her daughters resulted injured. After the attempted femicide, threats and harassment have allegedly persisted. Upon analyzing the arguments of fact and law provided by the applicants, the Commission considered that, from the applicable prima facie standard, Ms. M.I.F.M. and her family are in a serious and urgent situation, given that their rights face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that the State of Colombia:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect their rights to life and personal integrity, with a gender perspective or the differentiated approaches that may be relevant, in accordance with applicable international standards and obligations;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions aimed at investigating the facts, so as to prevent such incidents from reoccurring.
Résolution No. 48/19
MC 451-19 - M.A.V.G., Colombie
On September 29, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of M.A.V.G., in Colombia, an adolescent who was diagnosed with an incurable disease called "epidermolysis bullosa." The applicant alleged that despite the seriousness of his illness, the authorities were not providing him the treatments ordered by his physicians or authorizing consultations with the respective specialists, in the terms indicated by them, even after a judgment was rendered in his favor. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations submitted by the parties, the Commission considered that the proposed beneficiary is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his rights to life, personal integrity and health face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, according to Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, Colombia was requested to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity and health of M.A.V.G. In particular, by ensuring that he has access to an adequate medical treatment, based on what his physicians or the respective experts determine and in the light of the applicable international standards.
Résolution No. 87/18
MC 204-17 - Jani Silva, Hugo Miramar and Saúl Luna (Leaders of the Perla Amazónica Peasant Reserve Zone), Colombie
On December 3, 2018, the IACHR decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Jani Silva, Hugo Miramar, and Saúl Luna (Leaders of the Perla Amazónica Peasant Reserve Zone), in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures filed on March 23, 2017 alleged that the rights to life and personal integrity of 800 families in the Perla Amazónica Peasant Reserve Zone, located in Puerto Asís, Putumayo, were at risk due to alleged impact of extractive operations carried out in the "Platanillo Block," which allegedly overlaps the Reserve Zone. It also requested that the rights of Jani Silva (legal representative of the Perla Amazónica-ADISPA Association for Sustainable Integral Development of the Reserve Zone), Hugo Miramar (husband of Jani Silva), and Saúl Luna (prosecutor of ADISPA of the Reserve Zone), and of the inhabitants of the communities, hamlets and/or "veredas" of the Reserve Zone, be protected against the actions of illegal armed groups in the zone. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations of the parties, in light of the specific context in which they allegedly took place, the Commission considers that Jani Silva, Hugo Miramar and Saúl Luna are, in principle, in a situation of gravity and urgency, since their rights to life and personal integrity are at risk. Consequently, in accordance with article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Colombia to take the necessary measures to guarantee the rights to life and personal integrity of Jani Silva, Hugo Miramar and Saúl Luna. The Commission considers it pertinent that, in addition to the security forces deepening their efforts and coordination in the protection of the beneficiaries, they ensure that the measures to be implemented are culturally appropriate, taking into account that Jani Silva and Hugo Miramar are members of the same family, as well as the importance of guaranteeing the safe presence of the leaders within the Reserve Zone, given the role they play. The IACHR requested that the State agree on the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives and to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this resolution and thus avoid its repetition.
Résolution No. 83/18
MC 283-18 - T.S.G.T., Colombie
On November 5, 2018, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the child T.S.G.T., in Colombia. His identity is kept confidential in view of the Commission's practice of not revealing the identity of children and adolescents. The request filed by petitioners alleged that four-year-old T.S.G.T. suffers from the "Othara-West" and "Lennox-Gastaut" syndromes, incurable diseases with grave consequences. In particular, applicants claimed that the child is in a serious risk since the medical treatment he is receiving is not adequate. After analyzing the allegations in fact and in law, the IACHR considered that the information presented shows, prima facie, that the beneficiary is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, given that he might face an imminent and irreparable harm. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to safeguard the life, personal integrity and health of T.S.G.T. In particular, it considered it urgent that a medical board be immediately carried out in accordance with the indications of the beneficiary's treating physicians, and that the State guarantee access to adequate medical treatment following the assessment of the relevant experts. The IACHR also requested that the measures to be adopted be agreed with the beneficiary and his representatives.
Résolution No. 66/18
MC 175-18 - Giomar Patricia Riveros Gaitán, Colombie
On September 27, 2018, the IACHR decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Giomar Patricia Riveros Gaitán, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiary, a human rights defender and a representative of the National Committee of Victims, has been receiving threats in relation to her work. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the IACHR considers that the information that has been put forward proves, in principle, that the beneficiary is at grave risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Colombia take the necessary steps toward guaranteeing the rights to life and personal integrity of Giomar Patricia Riveros Gaitán; that it guarantee that Giomar Patricia Riveros Gaitán can continue to go about her work as a human rights defender without suffering threats, harassment, or acts of violence in the course of doing so; that it determine the measures to be implemented in consultation with the beneficiary and her representatives; and that it report on the actions it takes to investigate the allegations that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent them from being repeated.
Résolution No. 64/18
MC 731-18 - Migrant Children affected by the "Zero Tolerance" Policy, États-Unis
On August 16, 2018, the IACHR decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of the children that have been separated from their parents as a result of the "Zero Tolerance" policy, who are under the custody of the Office of Refugee Relocation, comprising 572 children on the date of the decision to grant the precautionary measure, according to official information of the State of the United States of America. The request for precautionary measures presented by the National Human Rights Institutions of Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras alleges that the separation of children from their parents could cause irreparable harm to their rights, particularly in the context of the children’s best interest. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the IACHR considers that the information presented shows, in principle, that the beneficiaries are in a serious and urgent situation. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the United States of America to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to a family life, personal integrity, and identity of the proposed beneficiaries; particularly, assuring that these rights are protected through the reunification of the children with their biological families and in support of the children’s best interests. The IACHR also requested the United States to adopt the necessary measures, while the reunification is carried out, to immediately guarantee an appropriate, free, and regular communication between the beneficiaries and their families, in accordance with their best interests. Moreover, with the aim of protecting their rights, provide medical and psychological assistance, among others that might be necessary such as consular assistance. Also, provide interpreting services when necessary so that the proposed beneficiaries know their rights and have a good understanding of their situation and destination. In case any of the proposed beneficiaries was deported separately from their children, adopt immediately the necessary measures in the framework of international cooperation to guarantee their reunification, taking into account the child’s best interest and the necessary support and care. In addition, suspend any migration procedure that may result in the separation of the children from their parents; and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives.
Résolution No. 53/18
MC 395-18 - Authorities and members of the Siona (ZioBain) indigenous people's reservations Gonzaya (Buenavista) and Po Piyuya (Santa Cruz de Piñuña Blanco), Colombie
On July 14, 2018, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the authorities and families of the Siona (ZioBain) indigenous people’s reservations Gonzaya (Buenavista) and Po Piyuya (Santa Cruz de Piñuña Blanco), in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries are being subjected—in their own territory—to threats, harassment and other acts of violence by armed attackers who seek to impose their will on that of indigenous authorities and to set rules that restrict the movement of the proposed beneficiaries. Similarly, the request for precautionary measures reports the presence of anti-personnel landmines and other explosive devices in the area, as well as the recruitment of young indigenous persons. The request also mentions the risks faced by certain Siona authorities and leaders. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt any measures necessary to preserve the lives and personal integrity of Siona authorities and families in the Siona reservations Gonzaya and Po Piyuya; to adopt culturally appropriate protection measures so that they can live safely within their territory, without being subjected to threats, harassment or any other acts of violence (such measures should include, beyond the efforts of the security forces, enabling them to move safely to perform cultural or subsistence tasks, removing explosives present in their territory or disproving their existence, preventing the recruitment of young people and making it impossible, and strengthening communication mechanisms to respond to emergency situations); to adopt culturally appropriate measures to enable Siona authorities to fulfil their mandates safely and in accordance with their own rules and government system; to come to an agreement with beneficiaries and/or their representatives regarding any measures that need to be adopted, in keeping with the Siona people’s own decision-making mechanisms and self-government system; and to report on any actions adopted to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to this precautionary measure, in order to prevent them from happening again in the future.
Résolution No. 31/18
MC 739-17 - Daniel Silva Orrego, Colombie
On May 5, 2018, the IACHR moved to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Daniel Silva Orrego in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary is at risk as a result of his journalistic work, and argues that the scheme in place to protect him is ineffective and inadequate. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that the beneficiary faces a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt any measures necessary to preserve the beneficiary’s life and personal integrity. In particular, Colombia should ensure that protection measures in place are effective and adequate and reflect the applicable international standards; take any measures necessary for the beneficiary to be able to do his work as a journalist without being subjected to intimidation, threats and other acts of violence for doing such work; and to report on any actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution—considering the context for their implementation—to prevent such events from happening again in the future.
Résolution No. 30/18
MC 210-17 - Leaders of the Patriotic March Political and Social Movement, Colombie
On May 5, 2018, the IACHR moved to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of the 389 people regarded as "leaders" of the movement known as MAPA in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that they have been subjected to threats, harassment and other acts of violence over several years, mainly by illegal armed groups who allegedly persecute them for political reasons. The request for precautionary measures further highlights the alleged murders of 156 members of MAPA between 2011 and 2018. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to take any measures necessary to preserve beneficiaries’ lives and personal integrity; to come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken; and to report on any actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, to prevent such events from happening again in the future.
Résolution No. 25/18
MC 309-18, 310-18 - Javier Ortega Reyes, Paúl Rivas Bravo and Efraín Segarra Abril, Colombie and Equateur
On April 12, 2018, the IACHR moved to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Javier Ortega Reyes, Paúl Rivas Bravo and Efraín Segarra Abril, in Colombia and Ecuador. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries, members of a journalistic team, were kidnapped by a splinter group of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC, by their Spanish acronym) on March 26, 2018, in the border area between the two countries, and notes that the country where beneficiaries are currently being held remains uncertain. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia and Ecuador to take any measures necessary to preserve beneficiaries’ lives and personal integrity; to adopt any measures necessary for them to be able to do their journalistic work in the enjoyment of their freedom of expression, without being subjected to intimidation, threats and other acts of violence; and to report on any actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure.
Résolution No. 19/18
MC 400-15 - Members of the Governing Board of the Alto Mira y Frontera Community Council, Colombie
On March 11, 2018, the IACHR moved to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of members of the Governing Board of the Alto Mira y Frontera Community Council (CCAMF, by its Spanish acronym) in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries are at risk after being subjected to threats, harassment and intimidation by armed actors, based on their defense of their territory and on their voluntary substitution of illicit crops in the framework of the Peace Agreements. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt any measures necessary to preserve the lives and personal integrity of members of the Governing Board of Alto Mira y Frontera Community Council; and to adopt culturally appropriate protection measures that enable members of the CCAMF Governing Board to be able to carry out their tasks following CCAMF’s own self-government rules, without being subjected to threats, harassment or any other acts of violence. Such measures should be combined with more thorough efforts by the country’s security forces and with the adoption of more comprehensive, coordinated measures that might include: ensuring the safe presence of members of the Board within CCAMF, enabling their safe passage, and strengthening communication mechanisms to respond to emergency situations. The Commission further asked Colombia to come to an agreement with beneficiaries and their representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken, and to report on any actions adopted to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, in order to prevent such events from happening again in the future.
Résolution No. 6/18( EXTENSION )
MC 140-14 - Afro-descendant communities and leaders in Jiguamiandó, Curvaradó, Pedeguita and Mancilla, Colombie
On February 7, 2018, the IACHR moved to extend precautionary measures in favor of the residents of the Curvaradó, Jiguamiandó, Pedeguita and Mancilla Afro-descendant communities in Colombia, including the leaders of those communities. The request for an extension alleges that the proposed beneficiaries—community leaders and the entire communities of Jiguamiandó, Curvaradó, Pedeguita and Mancilla—are at risk after being subjected to acts of violence including threats and harassment. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission decided to extend this precautionary measure and asked Colombia to take any measures necessary to preserve the lives and personal integrity of the people who live in the Afro-descendant communities of Curvaradó, Jiguamiandó, Pedeguita and Mancilla, including leaders Manuel Denis Blandón, Félix Alvarado, Erasmo Sierra, Benjamín Sierra, Rumualdo Salcedo, Melkín Romaña, Maria Ligia Chaverra, Argemiro Bailarín, Eustaquio Polo, Eleodoro Polo, Yomaira Gonzalez and James Ruíz; to take any measures necessary to enable beneficiaries who are leaders to do their work as human rights defenders without being subjected to threats, harassment and other acts of violence; and to come to an agreement with beneficiaries and their representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken.
Résolution No. 5/18
MC 885-17 - Luz Angela Niño Chacón, Colombie
On February 2, 2018, the IACHR moved to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Luz Angela Niño Chacón in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary, who has metastatic facial and skin cancer, is not receiving adequate medical treatment despite having court decisions in her favor, and notes that her health condition is critical. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the IACHR considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that the beneficiary faces a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt any measures necessary to preserve the health, life and personal integrity of Angela Niño Chacón, by providing medical assistance suitable for her health problems, in accordance with applicable international standards; and to come to an agreement with the beneficiary and her representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken.
Résolution No. 53/17
MC 876-17 - X, Y and family, Colombie
On December 25, 2017, the IACHR decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of X, Y, A and B, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries, victims of internal displacement by illegal armed groups, had been subject to harassment and harassment by municipal authorities, as well as to illegal deprivation of liberty and sexual abuse by criminal groups for several years. Currently, they would be subjected to harassment and persecution and there would be death threats against them. After analyzing the allegations of facts and law, the Commission considered that the information presented demonstrates, in principle, that the beneficiaries would be in a situation of seriousness and urgency. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, the Commission requested Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarntee the life and personal integrity of X, Y, A and B through measures that take into account their situation of poverty and displacement, as well as the gender perspective or additional differentiated approaches that are relevant; and that it agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives, taking into account the obligation to avoid revictimization and provide the required care services.
Résolution No. 51/17( EXTENSION )
MC 51-15 - Older Persons Belonging to the Uribía, Manaure, and Riohacha Communities of the Wayúu People, Colombie
On December 1, 2017, the IACHR decided to expand precautionary measures on behalf of approximately 3,000 older persons of the Wayúu indigenous people, owing to the situation of risk in which they allegedly find themselves in the municipalities of Manaure, Riohacha, and Uribía in the Department of La Guajira, Colombia. The request argued that the beneficiaries are in a situation of risk on account of the lack of access to medical care in the area and the high levels of undernutrition in the context of a series of situations relating to the shortage of food and water in their communities. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the IACHR found that the information presented shows, prima facie, that the beneficiaries are in a serious and urgent situation. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedures, the Commission has decided to expand this precautionary measure and to request Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to ensure the lives and physical integrity of the older persons belonging to the Wayúu indigenous people in the municipalities of Manaure, Riohacha, and Uribía in the Department of La Guajira; in particular, to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of healthcare services for older persons; take immediate steps to enable the older persons to have access to safe potable water as soon as possible; take immediate steps to enable them to have culturally appropriate food of sufficient quality and quantity to meet their dietary needs; and reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted.
Résolution No. 47/17
MC 261-16 - Daniel Ernesto Prado Albarracin, Colombie
On November 20, 2017, the IACHR decided to request that precautionary measures be adopted on behalf of Daniel Ernesto Prado Albarracín in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures argues that the beneficiary is in a situation of risk on account of his activities as a human rights defender, in particular, due to his involvement in the criminal proceedings in the so-called "12 Apostles Case" in which crimes allegedly committed by a paramilitary group are being investigated. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information presented shows, prima facie, that the beneficiary is in a serious and urgent situation. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedures, the Commission requests Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and physical integrity of Daniel Ernesto Prado Albarracín; that it take the necessary steps to enable him to carry out his activities as a human rights defender without being the target of threats, harassment, or violence; and to reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted. (Also available in Word).
Résolution No. 30/17
MC 178-17 - Julio César Vélez Restrepo et al., Colombie
On August 14, 2017, the IACHR decided to request that precautionary measures be adopted for Julio César Vélez Restrepo, Luis Adrián Vélez Restrepo , and two adolescents, B.V.R. and L.S.N., in Colombia. The application for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiaries - members of the Embera Chamí indigenous community - were last seen on March 8, 2017, when they left to go fishing in the community of La Esperanza, in the municipality of Alcalá, Valle del Cauca. The applicants maintained that the beneficiaries disappeared at the hands of illegal armed groups, considering the background information available on the activity of these groups in the area, and stated that they had not received any news of their whereabouts or fate since then, despite having reported their disappearance. Having analyzed the allegations of fact and law, the IACHR believes that the information submitted shows, prima facie, that the beneficiaries' situation is serious and urgent. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Colombia adopt the necessary measures to determine the whereabouts and fate of Julio César Vélez Restrepo, Luis Adrián Vélez Restrepo, and the adolescents B.V.R. and L.S.N., in order to protect their lives and personal integrity; consult and reach agreement with their respective family members and their representatives on measures to be adopted; and report on the actions taken to investigate the allegations that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to avoid a recurrence.
Résolution No. 18/17( EXTENSION )
MC 21-05 - Wiwa Indigenous People of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombie
On June 14, 2017, the IACHR decided to broaden the precautionary measures benefiting the Wiwa indigenous people of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta regarding the situation of Mr. Manuel Enrique Vega Sarmiento, in Colombia. The request alleges that the beneficiary was in a situation of risk in view of the fact that his whereabouts have been unknown since December 25, 2016. Specifically, according to the information received, the last time Mr. Vega Sarmiento was seen, he was on his way to the town of Totumo; however, the residents of that town say they never saw him arrive. After analyzing the pleadings of fact and law, the IACHR believes that the information presented demonstrates, prima facie, that the beneficiary is in an urgent and serious situation. Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, the Commission decided to broaden this precautionary measure, and thus asked Colombia to adopt the measures necessary to determine the status and whereabouts of Manuel Enrique Vega Sarmiento in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity; to coordinate the measures to be adopted with his representatives; and to report on the actions taken toward investigating the alleged facts leading to the adoption of this precautionary measure and prevent their repetition.
Résolution No. 5/17
MC 522-14 - Alberto Yepes Palacio and his Daughter, Colombie
On February 10, 2017, the IACHR decided to request that precautionary measures be adopted for Alberto Yepes Palacio and his daughter, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Alberto Yepes Palacio and his daughter are targets of threats, harassment, and acts of violence on the part of the illegal armed group "Águilas Negras" [Black Eagles] and agents of the armed forces, purportedly because of their participation in the Working Group on Extrajudicial Executions and the publication of a report implicating the Commander of the Colombian Army. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of Alberto Yepes Palacio and his daughter; take the necessary steps to ensure that Alberto Yepes Palacio can carry out his activities as a human rights defender without being subjected to violence and harassment; come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and report on the steps taken to investigate the allegations that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to avoid a recurrence.
Résolution No. 3/17( EXTENSION )
MC 51-15 - Pregnant and Nursing Women of the Wayúu Indigenous Community, Colombie
On January 26, 2017, the IACHR decided to extend the scope of precautionary measures to benefit pregnant and nursing women who belong to the Wayúu indigenous community in the Colombian municipalities of Manaure, Riohacha, and Uribía. The request alleges that Wayúu women who are pregnant or nursing are at risk because of their lack of access to medical care and their high levels of malnutrition, in the context of a series of conditions associated with the lack of food and water in the area. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission decided to extend this precautionary measure, and therefore requested that Colombia adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries. Specifically, the Commission asked Colombia to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of health services, with a comprehensive and culturally appropriate approach, and access to clean drinking water and food in sufficient quantity and quality to meet their nutritional needs in a way that is culturally relevant.
Résolution No. 66/16
MC 747-16 - Luis, Colombie
On December 22, 2016, the IACHR decided to request that precautionary measures be adopted for "Luis," in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that a 6-year-old boy—whom the IACHR is identifying as "Luis" to protect his identity—is at risk because he has a disease called dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and even though he is the beneficiary of court-ordered protection, he is reportedly not receiving the medical care he needs. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information presented shows, prima facie, that "Luis" faces a serious and urgent situation, as his life and personal integrity are at risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and personal integrity of "Luis"; come to an agreement with the beneficiary and his representatives on the measures to be adopted; and report on the steps taken to investigate the allegations that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to avoid a recurrence.
Résolution No. 65/16
MC 382-12 - Members of the Community Action Board of the Village of Rubiales, Colombie
On December 17, 2016, the IACHR decided to request precautionary measures for Héctor Sánchez, Alexander Castrillón Cubides, Hugo Mejía, Claudia Fierro Camacho, and Neiret Escobar Vela, members of the Community Action Board of the village of Rubiales, Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries have been targets of threats and acts of harassment and violence on the part of security officers hired by a private company that reportedly controls the area, police officers, and illegal groups. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information presented shows that Héctor Sánchez, Alexander Castrillón Cubides, Hugo Mejía, Claudia Fierro Camacho, and Neiret Escobar Vela are in a serious and urgent situation. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the beneficiaries can carry out their work as human rights defenders and to protect their life and personal integrity. It also requested that the State come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted, and report on the steps taken to investigate the allegations that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to avoid a recurrence.
Résolution No. 63/16
MC 658-16 - Erlendy Cuero Bravo and her family, Colombie
On December 6, 2016, the IACHR decided to request precautionary measures for Erlendy Cuero Bravo and her family. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary is at risk because of her work defending the human rights of Afro-Colombians in Colombia. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information presented shows that Erlendy Cuero Bravo and her family are in a serious and urgent situation, as their lives and personal integrity are at grave risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asked Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and integrity of Erlendy Cuero Bravo and her family.
Résolution No. 60/15
MC 51-15 - Children and adolescents of the communities of Uribía, Manaure, Riohacha and Maicao of the Wayúu people, in the department of the Guajira, Colombie
On December 11, 2015, the IACHR requested that precautionary measures be adopted for children and adolescents of the communities of Uribía, Manaure, Riohacha and Maicao of the Wayúu people, in the department of the Guajira, Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiaries are at risk because of the alleged lack of access to drinking water and of malnutrition among children of the community. According to the information contained in the request, this situation allegedly caused the death of 4770 children in the last eight years. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission considers that information, prima facie, demonstrates that the members of these communities are in a serious and urgent situation, since their lives and personal integrity are allegedly at risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedures, the Commission requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of children and adolescents in the communities of Uribía, Manaure, Riohacha and Maicao of the Wayúu people, in the department of the Guajira. Particularly, it requested to ensure the availability, accessibility and quality of health services, with an integral and culturally adequate approach, in order to respond to the children’s malnutrition, as well as to adopt immediate measures so that the beneficiary communities have, as soon as possible, access to drinking water and to food in sufficient quantity and quality. In addition, the Commission requested the State of Colombia to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives, and to periodically inform the Commission on the adoption of the requested precautionary measures.
Résolution No. 42/15
MC 445-14 - Jessica Liliana Ramírez Gaviria, Colombie
On November 4, 2015, the IACHR requested the adoption of precautionary measures for Jessica Liliana Ramírez Gaviria, in Colombia. According to the request for measures, Jessica Liliana Ramírez Gaviria has a disease called dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, which requires special care and medical treatment because its effects on the skin can be fatal. The petitioners have stated that even though a court has issued an order of protection for her, Jessica Liliana Ramírez Gaviria is not receiving the medical attention she needs to take care of her condition, which is reportedly creating serious consequences for her health and putting her life and physical integrity at risk. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law presented by the parties, the Commission believes that the information submitted by the petitioners shows that Jessica Liliana Ramírez Gaviria is in a serious and urgent situation, as her life and physical integrity are at risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Colombia adopt the necessary measures to protect the beneficiary’s life and physical integrity, taking into consideration the particular characteristics of the disease she has, in order to ensure that she has access to proper medical treatment, in line with the Pan American Health Organization’s technical guidelines and other applicable international standards. In addition, the Commission asks that Colombia reach agreement with the beneficiary and her representatives as to the measures to be adopted, and that it inform the Commission about the actions taken as of the issuance of the resolution.
Résolution No. 3/15
MC 363-11 - José Ángel Parra Bernal, Colombie
On January 30, 2015, the Commission decided to request the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of José Ángel Parra Bernal, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiary is allegedly at risk because he is not receiving proper health treatment for her health pathologies at Penitentiary of Medium and High Security "La Picota" in Bogota city, where he is currently deprived of her liberty. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information presented shows, prima facie, that José Ángel Parra Bernal is in a serious and urgent situation because his life and personal integrity are at risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedures, the Commission requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to ensure the life and personal integrity of de José Ángel Parra Bernal. In particular, providing proper treatment recommended by specialists; and agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and its representatives.
Résolution No. 37/14
MC 455-14 - Duban Celiano Cristancho Diaz, Colombie
On December 24, 2014, the Commission requested the adoption of precautionary measures under Article 25 (1) of its Rules of Procedures, in order to avoid irreparable harm to Duban Celiano Cristancho Diaz, who would be in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his rights to life and personal integrity would be at serious risk. According to information provided, on October 16, 2014, in the municipality of Santa Rosa, Province of Bolívar, Colombia, the beneficiary was arbitrarily detained by illegal groups and was reportedly forced into a vehicle, and his whereabouts is known to date. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedures of the IACHR, the Commission requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of Dubán Celiano Díaz Cristancho, with the purpose of safeguarding his life and personal integrity. Similarly, the Commission asked the State to inform on the actions implemented to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of the present precautionary measure.
Résolution No. 31/14
MC 336-14 - Gener Jhonathan Echeverry Ceballos and family, Colombie
On October 21, 2014, the IACHR requested the adoption of precautionary measures for Gener Jhonathan Echeverry Ceballos, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary is object of threats and acts of violence by "illegal armed groups", due to his activities as human rights defender and journalist. Therefore, after analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information shows prima facie that Gener Jhonathan Echeverry Ceballos and his family members are in a serious and urgent situation, as their rights to life and personal integrity are allegedly threatened and at serious risk. Therefore, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's rules of procedure, the Commission requests the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to protect the lives and physical integrity of Gener Jhonathan Echeverry Ceballos and his family; to adopt the measures necessary to ensure that Gener Jhonathan Echeverry Ceballos may engage in his activities as a human rights defender and journalist without being target of acts of violence and harassment because of his work; to come to an agreement with the beneficiaries on the measures to be adopted; and to report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged incidents that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure so that such incidents do not happen again. Read the resolution
Résolution No. 25/14
MC 152-14 - Afro-Colombian families living in the so-called humanitarian space of "La Playita" neighborhood, Colombie
On September 15, 2014, the IACHR requested the adoption of precautionary measures for 302 Afro-Colombian families living in the so-called humanitarian space of "La Playita" neighborhood, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiaries are being subject of presumptive threats, harassment and acts of violence, due to their decision to create the "Humanitarian Space". Therefore, after analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information shows prima facie that the 302 Afro-Colombian families living on Calle San Francisco, in "La Playita" neighborhood, would be in a serious and urgent situation, as their lives and personal integrity would be threatened and at serious risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, the IACHR requests the Government of Colombia to: adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and personal integrity of the 302 members of the Afro-Colombian families living on Calle San Francisco, "La Playita" neighborhood, who would be part of a so-called humanitarian space; consult with the beneficiaries and their representatives on actions to be taken to implement these measures; and report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of the present precautionary measures and thus prevent possible repetition. Resolution only available in
Résolution No. 22/14
MC 140-14 - Yomaira Mendoza and others Colombia, Colombie
On August 13, 2014, the IACHR requested the adoption of precautionary measures for Yomaira Mendoza and others, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the members of "Asociación de Familiares de Consejos Comunitarios" (Association of Family Members of Community Councils) had allegedly been victims of forced displacement and are currently in an alleged serious and urgent situation related to the conflict generated by their claim of land against "bad-faith occupants". Therefore, after analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information shows prima facie that Yomaira Mendoza, Enrique Cabezas, Raúl Palacios and Enrique Petro are currently in a serious and urgent situation, as their lives and personal integrity are allegedly at risk. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25 of the IACHR's rules of procedure, the Commission requires the Government of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and personal integrity of Yomaira Mendoza, Enrique Cabezas, Raúl Palacios and Enrique Petroa and to ensure that they are able to develop their activities without being subjected to violence and harassment because of the exercise of their duties; to consult with the beneficiaries and their representatives on actions to be taken to implement these measures; and to report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of the present precautionary measures and thus prevent possible repetition. Resolution only available in
Résolution No. 20/14
MC 641-02 - Members of SINTRAINAL, Colombie
On July 18, 2014, the IACHR extended Precautionary Measure 641/02 -originally granted on January 28, 2002- to a number members of the Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria en Alimentos [National Food Industry Workers Union] (SINTRAINAL) in Colombia. The information provided by the petitioners indicates that Jean Carlos Quintero Canencia, Camilo Andrés Valero Forero, and Nora Ayde Velásquez Guzmán, members of SINTRAINAL, have reportedly been the target of threats because of the work they have been engaged in as union members. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information shows prima facie that Jean Carlos Quintero Canencia, Camilo Andrés Valero Forero, and Nora Ayde Velásquez Guzmán are apparently in a serious and urgent situation since their lives and personal safety are said to be under threat and in grave danger. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission is asking the State of Colombia: to adopt the measures necessary to protect the lives and physical integrity of Jean Carlos Quintero Canencia, Camilo Andrés Valero Forero, and Nora Ayde Velásquez Guzmán; to adopt the measures necessary to ensure they may engage in their activities without being targets of acts of violence and harassment for the work they do; to come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; to report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged incidents that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure so that such incidents do not happen again; and to enhance the protection measures for José Onofre Esquivel Luna and Luis Javier Corre Suárez that were granted on January 28, 2002. Read the resolution
Résolution No. 18/14
MC 218-14 - Y.C.G.M and her Immediate Family, Colombie
On June 20, 2014, the IACHR asked that precautionary measures be adopted for "Y.C.G.M." and her immediate family in Colombia. The identity of the beneficiary is being kept confidential at the request of the petitioners. The request for precautionary measures alleges that "Y.C.G.M." has been the target of threats and aggression because she works to defend the rights of women. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information shows prima facie that Ms. Y.C.G.M. and her immediate family are in a serious and urgent situation since their lives and physical integrity are said to be in imminent danger. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission is asking the State of Colombia: to adopt the measures necessary to protect the lives and physical integrity of Y.C.G.M. and her immediate family; to adopt the measures necessary to ensure that Y.C.G.M. may engage in her activities as a human rights defender without being the target of acts of violence and harassment because of her work; to come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged incidents that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure so that such incidents do not happen again. Read the resolution
Résolution No. 15/14
MC 42-14 - Fundación Nydia Erika Bautista et. al., Colombie
On May 28, 2014, the IACHR asked that precautionary measures be adopted for the members of the Fundación Nydia Erika Bautista para los Derechos Humanos [Nydia Erika Bautista Foundation for Human Rights] and "X" in Colombia. The identity of the latter beneficiary is being kept confidential at the request of the petitioners. The request for precautionary measures alleges that members of the Fundación Nydia Erika Bautista and Mr. "X" were the targets of threats and were being followed because of the work the organization does and because of the information that Mr. "X" had reportedly provided for the arrest of a high level member of the army. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission believes that the information shows prima facie that the members of the Fundación Nydia Erika Bautista and Mr. "X" and his immediate family are in a serious and urgent situation since their lives and physical integrity are said to be at imminent risk. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission is asking the State of Colombia: to adopt the measures necessary to protect the lives and physical integrity of the two members of the Fundación Nydia Erika Bautista who were identified and of Mr. "X" and his immediate family; to come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged incidents that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure so that such incidents do not happen again. Read the resolution
Résolution No. 5/14
MC 374-13 - Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego, Colombie
On March 18, 2014, the IACHR requested that precautionary measures be adopted for Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego, Mayor of the city of Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. The request for precautionary measures had been presented in the context of individual petition P-1742-13, which alleges violations to the rights to humane treatment (Article 5), to a fair trial (Article 8), to participate in government (Article 23), to equal protection under the law (Article 24), and to judicial protection (Article 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights). Specifically, the petitioners ask that, "in order to prevent irreparable harm to persons or to the subject matter of the petition, the judicial action being brought by the Attorney General's Office against Gustavo Petro be suspended." During the proceeding, the State submitted information on January 10, 21, and 29, and February 7 and 24, 2014. For their part, the petitioners presented information on December 9, 11, 18, and 19, 2013; January 3, 13, 16, and 20, 2014; February 6, 24, and 26, 2014; and March 3, 4, 5, 6, and 18, 2014. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law presented by the parties, the Commission believes that the information presented shows prima facie that the situation involving the political rights of Mr. Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego, elected by popular vote as Mayor of Bogotá and currently in office, is serious and urgent, as the implementation of the effects of the decision removing him from office and ruling him ineligible to exercise his political rights could render ineffective an eventual decision on petition P-1742-13. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25(1) of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that the State of Colombia immediately suspend the effects of the decision of December 9, 2013, issued and ratified by the Attorney General's Office on January 13, 2014, so as to ensure that Mr. Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego can exercise his political rights and complete his term as Mayor of Bogotá, for which he was elected on October 30, 2011, until the IACHR has ruled on individual petition P1742-13. Read the resolution
Résolution No. 4/13
MC 301-13 - Buenaventura Hoyos Hernández, Colombie
On October 4, 2013, the Commission requested the adoption of precautionary measures pursuant to Article 25 (1) of its Rules of Procedure, in order to avoid irreparable harm to Buenaventura Hoyos Hernández, 18 years old, who is allegedly in a serious and urgent situation, since his rights to life and personal integrity are allegedly at risk, given that to this date his whereabouts or fate are not known. The Commission requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to determine the status and whereabouts of Buenaventura Hernández Hoyos, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity. The Commission also requested the State to report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure. Read the resolution here: in
Résolution No. 3/13
MC 186-13 - Carlos Eduardo Mora y familia, Colombie
On October 3, 2013 the IACHR requested the adoption of precautionary measures in favor of Carlos Eduardo Mora, who is a corporal of the National Army of Colombia, in the intelligence specialty and is currently in active duty. The request for precautionary measures affirms that Carlos Eduardo Mora and his family allegedly face a risk situation due the participation of the corporal as a witness in the trials related to the presumed extrajudicial executions, supposedly perpetrated by members of the Army of Colombia. The Colombian State provided information about the case on September 19 2013. Te Commission concluded that Carlos Eduardo Mora and his nuclear family are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life and personal integrity are presumably threatened and at serious risk. According to Article 25 of its Rule of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to preserve the life and the personal integrity of Carlos Eduardo Mora and his nuclear family and to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries, taking into account the role as witness of Carlos Eduardo Mora, the nature of the procedure in which he is involved and the fact that he is an active member of the Army. Likewise, the Commission requested the State to report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that gave rise to the precautionary measures, in order to prevent its repetition. Read Resolution here Read the Resolution
MC 225-12 - Alfamir Castillo, Colombie
On October 17, 2012, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Alfamir Castillo, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Alfamir Castillo was subject to repeated death threats and persecution. According to the petition, on August 28, 2012, someone on a motorcycle fired two shots into the air while passing by her, and on October 10, 2012, an unknown individual pointed a gun at her chest and threatened her with death. The request indicates that these actions were linked to her participation in the criminal investigation into the death of her son. The IACHR asked the government of Colombia to adopt any necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of Alfamir Castillo, reach agreement with the beneficiary and her representatives on the measures to be adopted, and inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the events that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 269-10 - Manuel Junior Cortéz Gómez and Yolanda Gómez Torres, Colombie
On June 22, 2012, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Manuel Junior Cortéz Gómez and Yolanda Gómez Torres, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Manuel Junior Cortéz Gómez is the only survivor of an alleged massacre of a soccer team, which was allegedly executed in October 2009 in Venezuela, near the border with Colombia, by a grup that calls itself Fuerza de Liberacion Bolivariana. The request alleges that after the alleged massacre, Manuel Junior Cortéz Gómez and Yolanda Gómez Torres cooperated with the Judiciary, and that afterwards the threats and harassment against them started. Additionally, it is indicated that on June 6, 2012, Manuel Junior Cortéz Gómez was attacked and stabbed, and was hospitalized in serious condition. The IACHR requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of Manuel Junior Cortéz Gómez and Yolanda Gómez Torres, to adopt the measures in consultation with the beneficiaries and their representatives, and to inform on the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 131-12 - Hernán Henry Díaz, Colombie
On On June 11, 2012, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Hernán Henry Díaz, in Colombia. The IACHR received information on April 25 and 27, 2012, about the alleged forced disappearance of Hernan Henry Díaz, a peasant leader, member of the Coordination of Social, Peasant, Afrodescendant and Indigenous Organizations of the Department of Putumayo, member of the National Federation of Agricultural Farming Unions, and leader of the social and political movement Marcha Patriótica (Patriotic March). According to the information received, the last time that anyone heard from Hernán Henry Díaz was on April 18, 2012, when through a text message he communicated that he was in his way to Bogota to participate in the launching of the "Marcha Patriótica". Through the precautionary measure, the IACHR requested the State of Colombia to immediately adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of Hernán Henry Díaz and to protect his life and personal integrity; and to inform the Commission about the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 323-11 - Members of the Comité Permanente por la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos and its Sections, Colombie
On May 9, 2012, the IACHR granted precautionary measues in favor of Edgar Montilla, Martín Sandoval, Athemay Sterling and Diego Alejandro Martínez Castillo, and of the members of the Sections Bogota, Huila, Nariño and Arauca of the Comité Permanente por la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos (CPDH, or Permanent Committee for the Defense of Human Rights), en Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the members of the CPDH in Bogota and 14 sections in the country have been subject of threats and harassment since 2009. They allege that, although they requested protection measures, some have not been granted and the others are inssuficient and ineffective. The IACHR requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of Edgar Montilla, Martín Sandoval, Athemay Sterling and Diego Alejandro Martínez Castillo, as well as other members of the Sections in Bogotá, Hila, Nariño and Arauca of the Comité Permanente por la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos; to adopt the measures in consultation with the beneficiary and her representatives, and to inform the Commission on the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 102-12 - José Humberto Torres and family, Colombie
On April 5, 2012, the IACHR informed the State of Colombia its decision to separate José Humberto Torres from Precautionary Measure 83/99, whose beneficiaries are members of the Committee of Solidarity with Political Prisioners, in order to give special follow-up to his situation and that of his family. This decision is based in information received by the Commisson that indicates that alleged paramilitaries in jails and members of the criminal gang "Los Rastrojos" have offered 200 million pesos to whomever kills José Humberto Torres. The IACHR requested the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of José Humberto Torres and his family; to to adopt the measures in consultation with the beneficiaries and their representatives, and to inform on the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 255-11 - Nasa people of Toribio, San Francisco, Tacueyo, and Jambalo Reservations, Colombie
On November 14, 2011, the IACHR granted precautionary measures on behalf of the members of the Nasa people of Toribio, San Francisco, Tacueyo, and Jambalo Reservations, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measure claims that the members of the Nasa indigenous people in these four adjacent reservations are facing high levels of risk because of the armed conflict in the north of Cauca department, and that they have suffered murders, forced disappearances, and other acts of violence. The application further states that although the authorities have acknowledged the risks facing the Nasa people, the appropriate measures necessary to protect them have not been adopted. The Commission asked the State to take the steps necessary to ensure the lives and persons of the members of the Nasa people of Toribio, San Francisco, Tacueyo, and Jambalo Reservations, to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives, and to report back on the actions carried out to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure.
MC 368-10 - María Tirsa Paz and others, Colombie
On July 29, 2011, the IACHR granted precautionary measures on behalf of María Tirsa Paz and others, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges the existence of a situation of risk affecting 27 Afro-Colombian women and their families displaced from the municipalities of El Charco, Barbacoas, and La Tola in the department of Nariño. According to additional information provided by the applicants, the risks remain in place in the communities to which they relocated. In particular, they reported that in June 2011, in the neighborhood where four of the beneficiaries live, four youths were killed and another six were wounded in clashes between illegal groups. The Commission asked the State to take the steps necessary to ensure the lives and persons of the 27 displaced Afro-Colombian women and their families, to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives through talks, with due account taken of their particular situation, and to report back on the actions carried out to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure.
MC 359-10 - Members of Justice and Dignity Corporation, Colombie
On June 28, 2011, the IACHR granted precautionary measures on behalf of members of Justice and Dignity Corporation, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures claims that over recent months, there has been a worsening in the threats, harassment, and tailing to which they have been subjected, on account of which they were forced to relocate from Santiago de Cali. It also notes that the authorities have been informed of the situation but have provided no security measures to counter the risk. The Commission asked the State to take the steps necessary to ensure the lives and persons of Alexander Montaña, Sofía López, Walter Mondragón Delgado, and Homero Montaña, to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives, and to report back on the actions carried out to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure.
MC 150-11 - Sandra Viviana Cuéllar, Colombie
On June 22, 2011, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Hildebrando Vélez. According to the information received, Hildebrando Vélez has received threats on account of his involvement in the search for Sandra Viviana Cuéllar. The Commission asked the State to take the necessary steps to protect the life and personal integrity of Hildebrando Vélez, to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representative, and to report back on the actions carried out to investigate the facts that gave rise to the precautionary measure. On June 22, 2011, the IACHR expanded this precautionary measure to cover Sandra Viviana Cuéllar, in Colombia. The precautionary measure request reports that Sandra Viviana Cuéllar is disappeared and that her alleged disappearance was a consequence of her environmental protection work in Valle del Cauca. Given the seriousness and urgency of the alleged facts and the lack of information on the whereabouts of the suspected disappeared, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to ensure the beneficiary's life and person. The Commission asked the State for the immediate adoption of the measures necessary to determine the situation and whereabouts of Sandra Viviana Cuéllar and to protect her life and person, and it requested that the State report back on the actions carried out to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure.
MC 355-10 - 21 Families of the Nonam Community of the Wounaan Indigenous People, Colombie
On June 3, 2011, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for 21 families of the Nonam community of the Wounaan indigenous people, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measure alleges that the families have been subject to acts of harassment on the part of the armed forces and illegal armed groups. It indicates that they were forced to move from their territory, and as a result have had serious problems with access to food, housing, and medicine. It also alleges that the families have not received consistent and effective medical and humanitarian care in the nine months since they were displaced, even though a protection order was issued in their favor. This situation allegedly led to the death of an 11-month-old girl from tuberculosis, on May 12, 2011. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt necessary measures, agreed upon with the beneficiaries, to guarantee the life and physical integrity of the 21 families of the Wounaan indigenous community; provide humanitarian assistance and medical care to the beneficiaries in a situation of displacement; and guarantee their return to the Guayacán Santa Rosa Indigenous Reserve in conditions of dignity and security.
MC 61-11 - Members of the Awá Indigenous People of the Departments of Nariño and Putumayo, Colombie
On March 16, 2011, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for the members of the Awá indigenous people of the departments of Nariño and Putumayo, Colombia. According to the request for precautionary measure and information from various sources, the Awá people have been the target of numerous attacks, murders, and threats in the context of the armed conflict in Colombia. The information indicates that clashes between the Army and irregular armed groups have taken place recently in territory of the Chinguirito Mira indigenous reserve and of the community of La Hondita, leaving members of the Awá people caught in the middle of the crossfire. The request indicates, moreover, that in 2011 three accidents have reportedly taken place involving antipersonnel landmines planted in Awá ancestral territory by participants in the armed conflict. The Inter-American Commission requested that the State of Colombia adopt measures, agreed upon with the beneficiaries, to guarantee the life and physical integrity of the members of the Awá indigenous people of the departments of Nariño and Putumayo, including landmine removal their ancestral territory and landmine risk education for the members of the Awá people.
MC 383-10 - John Jairo Palacios, Colombie
On November 23, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for John Jairo Palacios, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that on July 30, 2010, John Jairo Palacios was a victim of forced disappearance, which had reportedly been carried out by paramilitary groups. The IACHR requested information from the State based on its authority under Article XIV of the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons, but it did not receive information that would clarify his whereabouts. In view of the seriousness and urgency of the allegations and the lack of information on the whereabouts of the allegedly disappeared person, the IACHR granted precautionary measures so as to guarantee the life and humane treatment of John Jairo Palacios. The Commission requested that the State provide information on the whereabouts of John Jairo Palacios, his state of health, and his security situation; that it adopt the necessary measures to ensure the life and physical integrity of John Jairo Palacios; and that it report on the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 243-10 - Sigifredo Espinosa Pérez and his Family, Colombie
On September 13, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Sigifredo Espinosa Pérez and his family, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Sigifredo Espinosa Pérez has been subject to being followed, purportedly as a result of his participation in investigations into alleged ties between public officials and armed groups operating outside the law. The information received further indicates that Espinosa Pérez had allegedly been subject to illegal telephone interceptions and intelligence activities on the part of agents of the Administrative Department of Security (DAS). The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of Sigifredo Espinosa Pérez and his family, reach agreement with the beneficiary on the measures to be adopted, and inform the Commission on the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 157-09 - Yesid Ramírez Bastidas, Colombie
On September 13, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Yesid Ramírez Bastidas, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Yesid Ramírez Bastidas has been subject to illegal telephone interceptions and intelligence activities on the part of agents of the Administrative Department of Security (DAS). The request and additional information provided by the applicants further indicate that neither Yesid Ramírez Bastidas nor his family were guaranteed a security plan following his term as a magistrate, which ends on September 30, 2010. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of Yesid Ramírez Bastidas, reach agreement with the beneficiary on the measures to be adopted, and inform the Commission on the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 254-10 - Leiderman Ortiz Berrio, Colombie
On August 20, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Leiderman Ortiz Berrio, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures indicated that the journalist Leiderman Ortiz Berrio has been the victim of a series of attacks in recent months, purportedly because of his reporting on illegal gangs. It added that the last attempt on his life took place on May 20, 2010, with the explosion of a grenade in his house in the municipality of Caucacia, in Colombia's department of Antioquia. According to the information received, to date the authorities have not provided protection arrangements for Ortiz Berrio. The Inter-American Commission requested that the State of Colombia adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of Leiderman Ortiz Berrio, that it reach agreement with the beneficiary and his representatives on the measures to be adopted, and that it inform the Commission about the steps taken to prevent new acts of violence or intimidation against the beneficiary.
MC 97-10 - 179 Families of the Settlements of El Vergel and El Pedregal, Department of Cauca, Colombie
On August 13, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for 179 families living in the settlements of El Vergel and El Pedregal, in the department of Cauca, Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that these families are in a situation of extreme danger as a result of the armed conflict and the lack of measures to protect civilians who live in the area. According to the information provided, the inhabitants of these settlements were victims of bullet wounds, forced displacements, and other alleged acts of violence. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of the 179 beneficiary families; to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the return, in conditions of security, of the families displaced from El Vergel and El Pedregal; to reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission on the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 252-10 - Álvaro Javier Martínez Torres et al., Colombie
On August 13, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Álvaro Martínez Torres and others, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the Martínez family was in a situation of imminent risk, purportedly due to his activities to vindicate the rights of his family and other displaced persons on the "La Alemania" farm, in the town of San Onofre, department of Sucre, as well as his actions to clarify the events that led to the death of Rogelio Martínez, who was allegedly murdered on May 18, 2010, by armed groups operating outside the law. The Inter-American Commission requested that the State of Colombia adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of Julia Isabel Torres, Luis Miguel Martínez Torres, Mabelis Martínez Torres, Luis Miguel Martínez Torres, Álvaro Javier Martínez Torres, Kelly Johana Martínez, Luis Fernando Martínez, Isabel Sofía Martínez, and Luz Nellis Martínez; that it reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and that it inform the Commission about the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 104-09 - 29 Displaced Families from the Municipality of Argelia, Colombie
On July 1, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for 29 displaced families from the municipality of Argelia, in the department of Cauca, Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that 29 families from this municipality had been displaced toward Popayán, after having been victims of alleged threats, acts of violence, pursuits, and disappearances. The request also alleges those who committed these acts were armed groups operating outside the law who had acted with the acquiescence of authorities in the area. The Inter-American Commission requested that the State of Colombia adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of 96 individuals who belong to these families identified in the request for precautionary measures and to an additional family that is currently displaced in Bogotá. The IACHR also requested that the State adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the definitive return of these families to the municipality of Argelia in conditions of dignity and security; that a mechanism be established for constant monitoring and ongoing communication with the families displaced from Argelia toward Popayán, so that the measures can be implemented by mutual agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives; that the Commission be informed about the steps taken to discover the whereabouts of Over Herney Muñoz and Jesús Olivier Alvarado Muñoz; and that the State inform the IACHR about the actions taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 221-09 - María Stella Jara Gutiérrez and Son, Colombie
On June 2, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for María Stella Jara Gutiérrez and her son, in Colombia. In the request for precautionary measures and in additional information sent later, it is alleged that Judge Jara Gutiérrez, who is in charge of the Palace of Justice case, has received threats from alleged armed groups operating outside the law. It is also alleged that the threats have intensified in recent months, as the date for issuing the final judgment in the case draws near. The information also indicates that there has been a delay in the implementation of a security plan designed to safeguard the life and integrity of Judge Jara Gutiérrez and her youngest son. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of María Stella Jara Gutiérrez and her son; to reach agreement with the beneficiary and her representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the events that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 141-10 - X and Her Two Children, Colombie
On May 11, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Ms. X, whose identity the IACHR is withholding, and for her two children, who are minors, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Ms. X has been subject to threats and acts of harassment since she reported having been raped by agents of the State in July 2009. The request indicates that following new threats she received in May 2010, Mrs. X moved to another city. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of X and her two children; to reach agreement with the beneficiary and her representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the events that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
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MC 1-10 - Ana María Perea Incel, Colombie
On May 6, 2010, the IACHR expanded the PM 1-10 precautionary measures for Ana María Perea Incel. According to the information sent by the petitioners, Ms. Perea Incel is a member of the Association of Afro Women for Peace and a participant in talks with the government of Colombia on the issue of the rights of the displaced population. It is alleged that on two occasions since December 2009, Ms. Perea Incel was approached in cars by unknown individuals who threatened her with violent acts if she does not leave her work with the Association.
MC 36-10 - Rodrigo Callejas Bedoya and Family, Colombie
On April 12, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Rodrigo Callejas Bedoya and his family, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Rodrigo Callejas Bedoya has subject to threats and harassment, allegedly because of his work as an independent journalist; as a result, his life and personal integrity, as well as that of his family, are at risk. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of journalist Rodrigo Callejas Bedoya and his family; to reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures..
MC 304-08 - Diomedes Meneses Carvajalino, Colombie
On April 9, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Diomedes Meneses Carvajalino, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the life and health of Mr. Meneses Carvajalino are in grave danger, as the prison he is in has not provided him with adequate medical care to address a health problem he has had since the beginning of 2009. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to provide adequate medical care that makes it possible to protect the life, personal integrity, and health of Mr. Meneses Carvajalino; to reach agreement with the beneficiary and/or his representative on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of the precautionary measures.
MC 99-10 - Tránsito Jurado, María Eugenia González, and Members of the Corporación Sisma Mujer, Colombie
On April 8, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for Tránsito Jurado, María Eugenia González, her minor children, and the members of the Corporación Sisma Mujer, in Colombia. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Sisma Mujer and two women who participate in a program coordinated by that organization have been subject to threats, harassment, and one act of violence, allegedly as a result of their work defending the rights of women in a situation of displacement. The request indicates that Ms. González began to receive intimidating telephone calls and to be the target of acts of harassment, starting in September 2009; that on December 4, 2009, an unknown individual approached her on the street and told her to leave Cali with her family; and that eight days later, her son, Jonathan Gómez, was murdered. The request adds that Ms. Jurado has also received death threats, and that on January 27, 2010, Sisma Mujer received an e-mail signed by the "Bloque Metropolitano de las Águilas Negras" [Metropolitan Bloc of the Black Eagles], in which the organization was declared a "military target." The request indicates that Sisma Mujer reported the aforementioned acts and met with the competent authorities, but alleges that the necessary protection measures have not been implemented to date. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of María Eugenia González, her minor children, Tránsito Jurado, and the members of the Corporación Sisma Mujer; to reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
MC 1-10 - Fourteen Women in a Situation of Displacement, Colombie
On March 25, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for 14 women in a situation of displacement in Colombia, whose identity the IACHR is withholding because some of them have suffered sexual violence. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the 14 women are leaders of the displaced community in Bogotá and that as a result of these activities, they have been victims of sexual violence, physical attacks, threats, acts of harassment, and a violent home raid. The request indicates that the beneficiaries met with the Director of the Presidential Human Rights Program on December 22, 2009, and it was agreed that security measures would be taken, but that the agreement had not been implemented to date. It adds that in the time that has passed since that meeting, one of the beneficiaries has suffered an act of sexual violence, and there have been two acts of aggression and one death threat. The Inter-American Commission asked the State of Colombia to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of the 14 women; to reach agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and to inform the Commission about the steps taken to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of precautionary measures.
On May 6, 2010, the IACHR expanded the PM 1-10 precautionary measures for Ana María Perea Incel. According to the information sent by the petitioners, Ms. Perea Incel is a member of the Association of Afro Women for Peace and a participant in talks with the government of Colombia on the issue of the rights of the displaced population. It is alleged that on two occasions since December 2009, Ms. Perea Incel was approached in cars by unknown individuals who threatened her with violent acts if she does not leave her work with the Association.
MC 12-09 - Community of Alto Guayabal-Coredcito of the Emberá People, Colombie
On February 25, 2010, the IACHR granted precautionary measures for 87 families of the Emberá People's Community of Alto Guayabal-Coredocito - declared "So Bia Drua," a humanitarian area of the Uradá Jiguamiandó Indigenous Reserve - in the municipality of Carmen del Darién, department of Chocó, Colombia. The request for precautionary measure alleges that this community has been subject to acts of violence that placed their lives and personal integrity at risk. It is alleged, among other facts, that on January 30, 2010, two helicopters and a plane belonging to the armed forces carried out a machine-gun attack and bombing 300 meters from the community's main settlement, hitting the house of a family where there were three adults and two children, who were wounded. The request indicates, for example, that Mr. José Nerito Rubiano Bariquí was wounded in the thorax with a firearm, as a result of which he broke his spinal column and was left paraplegic. According to the applicants seeking the measures, the military presence in the area is related to the resumption of mining activity. The Inter-American Commission requested that the State of Colombia adopt the measures necessary to protect the life and personal integrity of 87 families of the Community of Alto Guayabal-Coredocito; that it come to an agreement with the beneficiaries and their representatives on the measures to be adopted; and that it inform the Commission on actions taken to investigate the events that led to the adoption of precautionary measures so as to remove the risk factors for the beneficiaries. .
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MC 113-07 - Corporación para la Paz y el Desarrollo Social (CORPADES) [Corporation for Peace and Social Development], Colombie
On January 14, 2010, the IACHR extended Precautionary Measure PM 133-07 to protect Guillermo Osorio, Jairo Ivan Maya Rodríguez, Yeisme Romero Fuenmayor, Juan David Muñoz, and Rafael Emiro Bedoya, all of whom belong to the Corporación para la Paz y el Desarrollo Social (CORPADES). The request for precautionary measures alleges that the beneficiaries have received threats from alleged paramilitary groups, due to their community leadership and participation in criminal proceedings brought against members of organizations operating outside the law. The petitioners inform the Commission that on December 20, 2009, John Alexander Pulgarín - a member of CORPADES and a witness in a case brought against the paramilitary member Jhon William López - was killed, despite the fact that the State had apparently provided a protection scheme for him. The IACHR originally granted this precautionary measure on March 14, 2008, for Fernando Quijano, Carlos Mario Arenas, Teresa Muñoz Lopera, Alberto Manzo Monsalve, Dillier Fernando Vásquez Rúa, Santiago Quijano, and Marín Alonso Velásquez, all members of CORPADES. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the members of this organization have been targets of threats and attacks allegedly committed by groups operating outside the law. The Commission asked the Colombian State to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical integrity of the beneficiaries, as well as to inform the Commission about the steps taken to clarify judicially the events that led to the adoption of precautionary measures. The Commission will continue to monitor the situation.