Mesures Conservatoires

Résolution No. 66/19
MC 967-19 - Delsa Jennifer Solórzano Bernal, Venezuela

On December 24, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Deputy Delsa Jennifer Solórzano Bernal, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that deputy Solórzano has been subjected to harassment and threats since 2017 and, recently, have been informed by a lieutenant that someone tried to hire him to kill her and another deputy; It was also added that she would currently be subject to harassment by groups while performing his work as a deputy, because of public accusations against her. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law provided by the applicant, the Commission considers, from the applicable prima facie standard, that Mrs. Delsa Jennifer Solórzano Bernal is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since her rights face a risk of irreparable damage. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Venezuela to take the necessary measures to protect her rights to life and integrity; agree on the measures to be taken with the beneficiary and her representatives and report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts and thus avoid their repetition.

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Résolution No. 65/19
MC 793-19 - Committee of Victims of La Saline, Haïti

On December 31, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the members of the Committee of Victims of La Saline, in Haiti. The request alleged that the beneficiaries were being subject to threats, harassments and acts of violence for filing complaints and their continuous demands for justice in relation to the events reportedly occurred on November 13, 2018, when dozens of persons were killed or attacked by armed gangs, in the capital city of Port-au-Prince. After analyzing the available information, including the testimonies gathered during the in loco visit which took place from the 16th to the 21st of December, 2019, the Commission considered that requirements set forth in Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure were met. Hence, it requested Haiti to:

  1. take the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the members of the Victims Committee of La Saline;
  2. take the necessary measures to ensure that beneficiaries can carry out their work as human rights defenders without being subjected to threats, harassment or acts of violence in the exercise of their functions;
  3. agree on the measures to be taken with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
  4. report on the actions taken in order to investigate the facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure and thus prevent its recurrence.

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Résolution No. 61/19
MC 1045-19 - Bayron José Corea Estrada and his family, Nicaragua

On December 24, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Bayron José Corea Estrada and his family nucleus, in Nicaragua. The request for precautionary measures alleges that both the proposed beneficiary and his family had been subject to harassment, threats and acts of violence involving state agents, allegedly as a result of his participation in the protests initiated in April 2018. The acts of violence had greater validity since his release from prison in August 2018. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law provided by the applicants, the Commission considered that, from the applicable prima facie standard, Bayron José Corea Estrada and the members of its family nucleus are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights face a risk of irreparable harm. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Nicaragua to take the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and integrity of Bayron José Corea Estrada and the members of its family nucleus, ensuring that its Agents respect the life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, and protecting their rights in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties; to agree on the measures to be taken with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and to report on the actions aimed at investigating the facts and thus avoid their repetition.

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Résolution No. 59/19
MC 984-19 - Child J.M.V, Trinité-et-Tobago

On December 9th, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the child J.M.V., a one-year-old who was placed under the State's custody shortly after he was born and has not had contact with his biological family until the present time. According to the applicants, the decision denying interim custody in favor of J.M.V.'s mother has not been reviewed to date, even though almost a year has passed since it entered into force. Moreover, based on the information provided by the applicants, no decision has been rendered concerning visitation rights. As established in previous matters, the mere passage of time is a determinant factor in assessing whether children's rights to personal integrity, identity and family life may be irreparably harmed. Indeed, the absence of any relationship with his biological family is susceptible of severely affecting his rights, considerably more given his age and the role of such interaction at this early age in the framing of his psychology and identity. Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Trinidad and Tobago to take the necessary measures to protect the rights to personal integrity, identity and family of J.M.V. In particular, by timely processing the proceedings and evaluating whether the measures dictated in his regard comply presently with his best interest as a child, according to the applicable international standards on the matter, as founded by updated pertinent technical assessment, in light of paragraphs 17, 19-21 of the present Resolution.

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Résolution No. 58/19
MC 938-19 - Paola Pabón and others, Equateur

On December 6th, 2019 the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Ms. Paola Pabón, Prefect of the Province of Pichincha; Mr. Virgilio Hernández, Executive Secretary of the Social Engagement Movement of the "Revolución Ciudadana" political party, and Mr. Christian González who are currently deprived of their liberty and allegedly exposed to threats and acts of harassment. Among the prima facie evidence that can be taken into account when assessing the risk situation of the proposed beneficiaries, after alleged threats and acts of harassment purportedly related to their work as political opposition leaders, it is worth highlighting the conditions in which Ms. Pabón was arrested, the stigmatizing statements by high authorities in which the proposed beneficiaries are explicitly deemed responsible for the altercations and, as reported by the applicants, the existence of death threats against them. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations submitted by both parties, the Commission considers that the information proves prima facie that the persons proposed as beneficiaries are in a situation of serious and urgent risk since their rights to life and personal integrity are at grave risk. Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that the State of Ecuador:

  1. adopt the measures necessary to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Paola Verenice Pabón Caranqui, Virgilio Hernández and Christian Fabián González Narváez; specifically, by assessing and implementing the measures that are most adequate to each of the proposed beneficiaries' personal circumstances, and allowing for the appropriate conditions to safeguard and respect their rights;
  2. agree upon the measures to be taken with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
  3. report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution in order to prevent their repetition.

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Résolution No. 57/19
MC 887-19 - Families of the Nueva Austria del Sira Community, Pérou

On November 6, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the families of the Nueva Austria del Sira Community in Peru. According to the request, the beneficiaries are facing a situation of risk due to the presence of third parties deemed as "invaders," who are reportedly threatening and carrying out attacks against the beneficiaries, in the context of a recognition and land titling process of their community. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations submitted by the parties, the Commission has requested that the State of Peru adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the families of the Nueva Austria del Sira community and prevent acts of violence committed by third parties; adopt culturally-appropriate measures to protect the life and personal integrity of the families of the community identified; consult and agree upon the measures to be taken with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and inform of the actions taken to investigate the events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure in order to prevent their repetition.

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Résolution No. 54/19
MC 918-19 - Hugo Enrique Marino Salas, Venezuela

On October 23, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Hugo Enrique Marino Salas, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary was deprived of liberty by State agents on April 20, 2019 when arriving on a flight to Caracas, Venezuela and to date his whereabouts would be unknown, so he would be at risk. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law provided by the applicant, the Commission considers, from the applicable prima facie standard, that Mr. Hugo Enrique Marino Salas is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his rights face a risk of irreparable damage. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Venezuela to take the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Hugo Enrique Marino Salas. In particular, report whether the beneficiary would be in the custody of the State and the circumstances in which he would be, or, of the measures aimed at determining his whereabouts or destination; as well as to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition. Read the resolution, available in Spanish only. Also available in Word.

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Résolution No. 53/19
MC 289-19 - Héctor Armando Hernández Da Costa, Venezuela

On October 15th, 2019 the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Héctor Armando Hernández Da Costa regarding Venezuela. According to the request for precautionary measures, on September 23, 2019, Mr. Héctor Armando Hernández Da Costa had been transferred to the prison at Fort Tiuna, in Caracas, where his rights to life, personal integrity and health are at risk, particularly in relation to the lack of adequate and timely medical attention. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations submitted by both parties, the Commission requested that the State of Venezuela;

  1. adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to health, life, and personal integrity of Mr. Héctor Armando Hernández Da Costa;
  2. adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the detention conditions of the potential beneficiary comply with the applicable international standards. In particular, the Commission urges the State to adopt measures to provide the necessary medical care to the potential beneficiary, taking into account his health and according to relevant medical recommendations. Likewise, with the purpose of verifying the conditions of the potential beneficiary, the Commission requests that the State facilitate family visits in accordance with applicable standards; and
  3. inform about the actions taken to investigate the events that led to the adoption of this resolution in order to prevent their repetition.

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Résolution No. 52/19
MC 865-19 - Cristopher Nahiroby Olivas Valdivia and his family, Nicaragua

On October 4th, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Cristopher Nahiroby Olivas Valdivia and his family, in Nicaragua. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary is at risk in the current context of Nicaragua. After analyzing the available information, the Commission considers that the matter meets, in principle, the requirements of seriousness, urgency and irreparability. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the State of Nicaragua to:

  1. take the necessary measures to guarantee the rights to life and personal integrity of Cristopher Nahiroby Olivas Valdivia and his family. In particular, the State must both ensure that its agents respect the rights of the beneficiary in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, and in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties;
  2. agree on the measures to be taken with the beneficiary; and
  3. report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 51/19
MC 870-19 - Aaron Casimiro Méndez Ruíz y Alfredo Castillo, Mexique

On October 4, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Aaron Casimiro Méndez Ruíz and Alfredo Castillo, in Mexico. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Aaron Casimiro Méndez Ruíz and Alfredo Castillo have been missing since August 3, 2019, after having attended a call at Casa Amar, where they would work, without having returned, so they they would find themselves in a situation of risk. Likewise, it was indicated that their relatives would be subject to harassment and follow-up by an armed group that could be involved in the alleged disappearance, to the extent that they would be carrying out actions to obtain truth and justice for their relatives. The Commission took note of various research and search actions carried out by the State, despite which there is no specific information on the whereabouts of the beneficiaries or progress in finding their location or clarifying the facts. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission considered, prima facie, that Aaron Casimiro Méndez Ruíz and Alfredo Castillo are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable damage. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, Mexico was requested to take the necessary measures to determine their whereabouts or destiny, in order to protect its rights to life and personal integrity. In this regard, the Commission urged the State to guarantee effective search actions through its specialized mechanisms created for such purposes. The State was also requested to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and integrity of its relatives and to arrange the measures to be taken with the representative of the beneficiaries, as well as the investigation of the facts to avoid their repetition.

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Résolution No. 49/19
MC 712-19 - Relatives of Rafael Acosta Arévalo, Venezuela

On October 1, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the Relatives of Rafael Acosta Arévalo, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Mr. Rafael Acosta Arévalo's family and his wife's family would be at risk, given that, after the death of Mr. Acosta Arévalo in custody of the State, they would be subject to intimidation and follow-up by elements of the State. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law, the Commission considers, prima facie, that Mr. Acosta Arévalo's relatives are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their’s rights face an irreparable risk of harm. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to take the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the family of Mr. Rafael Acosta Arévalo.

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Résolution No. 48/19
MC 451-19 - M.A.V.G., Colombie

On September 29, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of M.A.V.G., in Colombia, an adolescent who was diagnosed with an incurable disease called "epidermolysis bullosa." The applicant alleged that despite the seriousness of his illness, the authorities were not providing him the treatments ordered by his physicians or authorizing consultations with the respective specialists, in the terms indicated by them, even after a judgment was rendered in his favor. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations submitted by the parties, the Commission considered that the proposed beneficiary is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his rights to life, personal integrity and health face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, according to Article 25 of the IACHR Rules of Procedure, Colombia was requested to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity and health of M.A.V.G. In particular, by ensuring that he has access to an adequate medical treatment, based on what his physicians or the respective experts determine and in the light of the applicable international standards.

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Résolution No. 47/19
MC 458-19 - Guyraroká community of the Guarani Kaiowá Indigenous People, Brésil

On September 29th, 2019 the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights granted precautionary measures in favor of the member of the Guyraroká community of the Guarani Kaiowá Indigenous People. According to the request, the proposed beneficiaries are at risk after being subject to threats, harassment, and acts of violence allegedly by landowners in the context of a dispute over land ownership. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations submitted by the applicant, the Commission considers that the information proves prima facie that the families of the Guyraroká community of the Guarani Kaiowá indigenous people are in a situation of seriousness and urgency as their rights to life and personal integrity are at serious risk. Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that the State of Brazil

  1. adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the members of the Guyraroká community of the Guarani Kaiowá indigenous people and to prevent acts of violence by third parties;
  2. adopt culturally-appropriate measures to protect the life and personal integrity of the Guyraroká community of the Guarani Kaiowá indigenous people by implementing, for instance, actions aimed at improving health and food conditions, as well as guaranteeing access to drinking water, among others;
  3. consult and agree upon the measures to be taken with the people proposed as beneficiaries and their representatives; and
  4. report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure in order to prevent their repetition.

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Résolution No. 43/19( EXTENSION )
MC 1039-17 - Children and adolescents patients in thirteen services of the José Manuel de los Ríos Hospital, Venezuela

On August 21, 2019, the IACHR decided to extend the present precautionary measures in favor of children and adolescents patients in thirteen services of the José Manuel de los Ríos Hospital, in Venezuela. The request for extension indicates that the Hospital's situation have worsened in terms of medicines, supplies, equipment, infrastructure and human resources, which allegedly compromise the ability to care for children and adolescents who attend the health center, and, in particular, to 13 services of the José Manuel de los Ríos Hospital. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law presented by the representatives, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates prima facie that the rights to life, personal integrity and health of the proposed beneficiaries would be at risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to:

  1. adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life, personal integrity, and health of the child and adolescent patients in the thirteen identified services of the José Manuel de los Ríos Hospital in Caracas. In particular, the Commission considers that the authorities should provide medical treatment that takes into account, among other aspects, access to the medicines and procedures required, in accordance with the recommendations of the corresponding experts, as well as the satisfaction of their nutritional needs and other complementary measures, in the light of their best interests;
  2. adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the health and safety conditions in which the children and adolescent patients in the thirteen identified services of the José Manuel de los Ríos Hospital are adequate, in accordance with applicable international standards;
  3. consult upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
  4. provide information regarding the actions taken to investigate the acts that led to the adoption of the present resolution and in this way, avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 40/19
MC 379-19 - Penitenciaría Evaristo de Moraes, Brésil

On August 7, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of the persons deprived of liberty at the Penitentiary Evaristo de Moraes, in Brasil. The applicants, members of the Rio de Janeiro State Public Defender’s Office, claimed that the proposed beneficiaries faced serious detention conditions and a lack of appropriate medical attention. Moreover, they alleged that tens of deaths were registered during these past years, with more than five cases in 2019, while their causes are still not fully determined; in addition, they indicated that the establishment showed high overcrowding, reaching even more than 250% of its capacity. After analyzing the factual and legal arguments put forward by the parties, the Commission considers that the information submitted prima facie shows that the proposed beneficiaries face a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life, personal integrity and health are in serious risk. Consequently, according to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested Brazil to:

  1. adopt the necessary measures to preserve the lives, personal integrity, and health of the persons detained in the Evaristo de Morães Detention Facilities;
  2. adopt immediate actions to substantially reduce overcrowding inside the detention facilities in accordance to international standards;
  3. provide adequate hygiene conditions inside the facilities, access to drinkable water, and adequate medical care for the detainees, according to the illnesses they have;
  4. adopt the necessary measures to have contingency plans in case of an emergency;
  5. consult upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; e
  6. provide information regarding the actions taken to investigate the alleged acts that caused the adoptions of the present precautionary measure and, in this way, avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 38/19
MC 364-17 - G.Y.G.R., Mexique

On July 29th, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of G.Y.G.R., in Mexico. The precautionary measures request alleged that Mr. Luis Enrique González González was the father of the young girl G.T.G.R. and, on the grounds of a precautionary measure of March 2011, which allegedly determined the limitation of his family rights with respect of her, he did not have contact with her until the present time. After analyzing the allegations of law and fact presented by the parties, the Commission considers that the information presented shows prima facie that the young girl G.Y.G.R. is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since that the mere lapse of time, the prolonged delay in the definition of her rights, including the alleged indetermination regarding her affiliation, can entail an irreparable harm to the protection of the family, integrity, and identity of the young girl G.Y.G.R. Therefore, in accordance with article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, the Commission requested the State of Mexico to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights of the young girl G.Y.G.R. Particularly, the State must conduct immediately, through the competent authorities, a determination of the girl's affiliation and an evaluation of the precautionary measure granted on March 28th, 2011 by the Eleventh Family Court of the First Judiciary District, Monterrey, Nuevo Léon, that determines the suspension of contact between the girl G.Y.G.R. and her alleged parent, considering the current circumstances and the girl G.Y.G.R.'s best interest, in accordance with the international standards on the matter and considering specially what has been indicated on paragraphs 25, 28 to 31 of the present resolution.

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Résolution No. 26/19
MC 426-19 - Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo, Venezuela

On May 2, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo, in Venezuela. According to the request, the proposed beneficiary was deprived of his freedom on April 26, 2019 by police officers, his whereabouts or destination being currently unknown. The Commission requested information from the State, without receiving a response. After analyzing the allegations of fact and law provided by the applicants, the Commission considers, prima facie, that Mr. Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his rights to life and integrity face a risk of irreparable damage. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to: a) take the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo. In particular, report whether the beneficiary would be in the custody of the State and the circumstances in which he would be, or, of the measures aimed at determining his whereabouts or destination, as to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave place to adopt this precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 25/19
MC 1188-18 - Adolescent D., Paraguay

On May 10, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of adolescent D., in Paraguay. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary, born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was illegally abducted by his mother in 2006 and since then has been in Paraguay. As a result of the foregoing, and due to alleged delays in the execution of a judgment ordering its return to Argentina, as well as the prolonged lack of effectiveness in the measures adopted to generate a relationship, the applicants alleged that the preservation of the family bond between father and son is at risk, which in turn could frustrate an eventual reparation in the framework of the case that is currently pending before the IACHR. The Commission considers that the case meets, in principle, the requirements of gravity, urgency and irreparability contained in Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure. Consequently, the Commission requests the State of Paraguay to adopt the necessary measures to safeguard, in accordance with the best interests of the child, the rights to protection of the family, identity and personal integrity of adolescent D. In particular, the State must ensure that adolescent D effectively maintains links with his father, with the support of appropriate professional staff, without unnecessary restrictions, in a suitable environment and through the means that are conducive to generating an appropriate relationship, in accordance with applicable international standards in the matter.

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Résolution No. 24/19
MC 1498-18 - Marcelino Díaz Sánchez and others, Mexique

On April 23, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Marcelino Diaz Sanchez and others, in Mexico. The request for precautionary measures claims that the population of the ejido Emiliano Zapata, in the municipality of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, reportedly suffers from serious health problems due to alleged environmental contamination and that they cannot properly access to medical treatment. After analyzing the legal and factual allegations presented by the parties, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates, in principle, that Marcelino Díaz Sánchez and the other inhabitants of the Emiliano Zapata ejido described in the request are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life, personal integrity, and health face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Mexico adopt the necessary measures to preserve the life, personal integrity, and health of Marcelino Díaz Sánchez and the other residents of the Emiliano Zapata ejido, as named in the request. In particular, that it adopt the pertinent measures to provide a specialized medical diagnosis for the beneficiaries that allows the identification of the causes of the alleged pathologies and diseases and their relationship with the reported contamination, providing them with adequate medical care and in conditions of availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality, in accordance with applicable international standards.

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Résolution No. 23/19
MC 81-19 - Edilberto Ronal Arzuaga Alcalá, Cuba

On April 22nd, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Edilberto Ronal Arzuaga Alcalá, in Cuba. The precautionary measures request alleged that the potential beneficiary, who was allegedly deprived of liberty, was not receiving timely treatment after 35 days of hunger strike, despite the lapse of 85 days since its conclusion and the medical complications that he faces. In addition, the Commission assessed that, given his position as an activist and his criticism against the government, the potential beneficiary was susceptible of facing risk situations while being deprived of his liberty. After analyzing the allegations of law and fact presented by the parties, the Commission considers that the information presented shows prima facie that Mr. Edilberto Ronal Arzuaga Alcalá is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his right to health, life and personal integrity are at grave risk. Therefore, in accordance with article 25 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, the Commission requested the State of Cuba to:

  1. adopt the necessary measures to protect the health, life and personal integrity of Mr. Edilberto Ronal Arzuaga Alcalá, providing him with access to an appropriate treatment, attending to his health situation and in accordance with the applicable standards;
  2. arrange the measures to be implemented with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
  3. inform the Commission on the actions put forward to investigate the alleged facts that have given rise to the adoption of the present resolution and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 22/19
MC 125-19 - María Corina Machado Parisca, Venezuela

On April 12, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of María Corina Machado Parisca, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that María Corina Machado Parisca would be at risk after receiving threats and harassment allegedly related to her political participation in the current context of Venezuela. After analyzing the legal and factual allegations, the Commission considers, in principle, that María Corina Machado Parisca is in a situation of gravity and urgency, since her rights face an irreparable risk of harm. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of María Corina Machado Parisca and to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee that the beneficiary can continue to carry out her activities of political participation without being the object of threats, harassment or acts of violence in the exercise thereof.

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Résolution No. 21/19
MC 566-18 - Jennifer Brown Bracket and George Henríquez Cayasso, Nicaragua

On April 12, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Jennifer Brown Bracket and George Henríquez Cayasso, in Nicaragua. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Jennifer Brown Bracket and George Henríquez Cayasso, who identify themselves as leaders of the "Movimiento Costeño Auto Convocado," formed in the aftermath of the protests that took place in Nicaragua after April 18, 2018, are allegedly at risk. After analyzing the information available, in the light of the applicable context and the findings made, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates, in principle, that the rights to life and personal integrity of Jennifer Brown Bracket and George Henríquez Cayasso are in a situation of gravity and urgency. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Regulation, the Commission requests the State of Nicaragua to take the necessary measures to guarantee the rights to life and personal integrity of Jennifer Brown Bracket and George Henríquez Cayasso. In particular, the State must ensure that its agents respect the rights of the beneficiaries in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, as well as in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties.

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Résolution No. 20/19
MC 286-19 - C.F.M.T., République dominicaine

On April 10, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of C.F.M.T. in the Dominican Republic. The request for precautionary measures alleges that C.F.M.T., whose identity the IACHR will keep confidential, is a young man deprived of liberty in the La Victoria Penitentiary, where he was allegedly subjected to sexual assault. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates, in principle, that C.F.M.T. is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested the Dominican Republic to adopt the necessary measures to preserve the life, personal integrity, and health of the C.F.M.T., providing him with adequate medical care in accordance with applicable international standards for victims of sexual violence; and to report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 19/19
MC 1025-18 - Manuel Alejandro León Velázquez, Cuba

On April 4, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Adriana Zamora García, Manuel Alejandro León Velázquez, and Osmel Ramírez Álvarez, in Cuba. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the three persons are members of the "Diario de Cuba" media outlet, and are allegedly subject to threats, persecution, intimidation and siege in the context of their journalistic work. After analyzing the available information, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates that, in principle, the rights to life and personal integrity of Adriana Zamora García, Manuel Alejandro León Velázquez and Osmel Ramírez Álvarez are in a situation of seriousness and urgency. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Cuba to take the necessary measures to guarantee the life and personal integrity of the three beneficiaries. To this end, the State must both ensure that its agents respect the life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, and protect their rights in relation to acts of risk that are attributable to third parties. Likewise, the IACHR requested Cuba to adopt the necessary measures so that the beneficiaries can carry out their journalistic work without being subjected to acts of intimidation, persecution, harassment, threats or other acts of violence in the exercise of the same. This includes the adoption of measures to protect the right to freedom of expression of the members of the "Diario de Cuba". Finally, the IACHR requested Cuba to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of the present precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 18/19
MC 1286-18, 1287-18, 1288-18, 1289-18 - Inírida Josefina Ramos López, Sara María Olmos Reverón, Miguel Eduardo Perozo González and Carmen Alicia Márquez de D'Jesus, Venezuela

On March 29, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Inírida Josefina Ramos López, Sara María Olmos Reverón, Miguel Eduardo Perozo González, and Carmen Alicia Márquez de D'Jesus, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that these people would be at risk due to the lack of adequate medical treatment to treat their medical conditions, given that three people allegedly have "multiple sclerosis" and one person allegedly has "left breast carcinoma with bone metastases." After analyzing the legal and factual allegations made by the applicants, the Commission considers that, in principle, Inírida Josefina Ramos López, Sara María Olmos Reverón, Miguel Eduardo Perozo González and Carmen Alicia Márquez de D'Jesus are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life, personal integrity and health are at risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life, personal integrity, and health of the beneficiaries, through the adoption of immediate measures that make possible access to adequate medical treatment, including the necessary medications as prescribed by the corresponding doctors, as well as diagnoses and examinations that allow a regular evaluation of their state of health, according to applicable international standards.

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Résolution No. 17/19
MC 250-19 - Luis Carlos Díaz and his family, Venezuela

On March 29, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Luis Carlos Díaz and his family in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Luis Carlos Díaz was deprived of his liberty on March 11, 2019 and was held for several hours in an unknown place, where he was the object of aggressions and threats by State agents. Allegedly, he is currently not deprived of his liberty, but he is subject to a regime of presentation, accused of having responsibility in the national blackout in Venezuela. This is based on statements given by Luis Carlos Díaz in exercise of his freedom of expression. After analysing the factual and legal allegations made by the parties, the Commission considers that, in principle, Luis Carlos Díaz and his family are in a situation of gravity and urgency, since their rights to life and integrity face an irreparable risk of harm. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity and to guarantee the safety of Luis Carlos Díaz and his family in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law; to adopt the necessary measures so that the proposed beneficiary can develop his journalistic activities, exercising his right to freedom of expression, without being the object of acts of intimidation, threats and harassment; to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of the present precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 16/19( EXTENSION )
MC 70-19 - Roberto Marrero and Sergio Vergara, Venezuela

On March 27, 2019, the IACHR decided to extend precautionary measures MC 70/19 to include Roberto Marrero and Sergio Vergara in Venezuela as beneficiaries. MC 70/19 was originally granted by the IACHR on January 25, 2019 for the protection of Juan Guaidó and his family. The request for extension of the precautionary measures alleges that Roberto Marrero, director of Juan Guaidó's office, and Sergio Vergara, deputy of the National Assembly, both members of Juan Guaidó's work team, are allegedly at risk in the current context of Venezuela. After analyzing the legal and factual allegations, the Commission considers, in principle, that the proposed beneficiaries are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights face a risk of irreparable harm. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity and to guarantee the safety of Roberto Marrero and Sergio Vergara in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, including the protection of their rights in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties; adopt the necessary measures to ensure that Roberto Marrero's conditions of detention comply with international standards in this matter; guarantee access to visits by representatives and relatives of Roberto Marrero, in accordance with applicable international standards; and report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 15/19
MC 75-19 - José David Elner Romero, Honduras

On March 21, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of José David Ellner Romero, in Honduras. The request for precautionary measures alleged that José David Ellner Romero was sentenced by a final criminal sentence to ten years in prison for the commission of several crimes of "defamation on charges constituting insults," to the detriment of a person of public relevance. The request is also related to Petition P-696-19, in which alleged violations of the rights enshrined in Articles 8, 24, and 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights were alleged in relation to a supposedly improper use of the criminal law to, according to the request, "censor reports on corruption and impunity in the country," among other issues. After analyzing the factual and legal allegations made by the parties, the Commission considers that, in principle, the existence of a situation of gravity and urgency with a risk of irreparable harm is sufficiently established. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested Honduras to suspend the execution of the conviction handed down on March 15, 2016 by the Court of Judgment of Tegucigalpa, until the IACHR has ruled on petition P-696-19.

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Résolution No. 14/19
MC 178-19 - Persons (military and civilians) detained in the General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence DGCIM, Venezuela

On March 21, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of persons detained in the facilities of the General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence (Dirección General de Contrainteligencia Militar, DGCIM), located in La Boleita, Municipality of Sucre, Caracas, Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that these persons are alleged victims of acts of violence by the authorities in charge of the Division. After analyzing the legal and factual allegations made by the applicant, the Commission considers that, in principle, the proposed beneficiaries are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life, integrity and health face a risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, on the basis of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests the State of Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity and health of persons deprived of their liberty in the General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence. In particular, the State must ensure that its agents respect the rights of the beneficiaries in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, refraining from any form of torture or inhuman, cruel and degrading treatment; and it must facilitate access to adequate medical treatment for persons deprived of their liberty who so require, as a result of their health condition and in accordance with applicable international standards. The IACHR also requested the State to ensure that the conditions of detention of the beneficiaries comply with applicable international standards. Furthermore, in order to verify the circumstances in which the beneficiaries find themselves, the State should facilitate access to their legal representatives and family visits in accordance with applicable standards.

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Résolution No. 13/19
MC 150-19 - Concepción Palacios Maternity Hospital, Venezuela

On March 18, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of women patients in the delivery rooms and emergency area, as well as newborns in the neonatal area of the Concepción Palacios Maternity Hospital in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries are at serious risk due to medical complications arising from lack of access to adequate medical treatment as a result of an alleged shortage of supplies and other structural deficiencies, as well as exposure to other sources of risk, such as unhealthy conditions and insufficient nutritional supplies, among others. After analyzing the legal and factual allegations made by the applicants, the Commission considers that the women patients in the delivery rooms and emergency area, as well as the newborns in the neonatology area of the Concepción Palacios Maternity Hospital, are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights are at risk of irreparable harm. Accordingly, on the basis of article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the life, personal integrity and health of the beneficiaries; to agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives, taking into account the opinion of specialists, professionals and personnel who provide services at the Hospital; and to report on the measures adopted to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this resolution and thus avoid its repetition; in particular, with respect to the alleged death of newborn babies at the Hospital.

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Résolution No. 12/19
MC 265-19 - Carla Valpeoz, Pérou

On March 15, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Carla Valpeoz, in Peru. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Carla Valpeoz, a U.S. citizen, disappeared on December 12, 2018, after leaving the Hostal "Pariwana", on her way to the Sacred Valley, for tourism. On April 8, 2018, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Náthaly Sara Salazar Ayala, who disappeared in similar circumstances in the same area. After analyzing the legal and factual allegations presented by the parties, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates, in principle, that Carla Valpeoz is in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since to date her whereabouts have not yet been determined. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested Peru to take the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of Carla Valpeoz and to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of this resolution and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 11/19
MC 1450-18 - Julio Renato Lancellotti and Daniel Guerra Feitosa, Brésil

On March 8, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Julio Renato Lancellotti and Daniel Guerra Feitosa, in Brazil. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries are allegedly at risk after receiving a series of threats and harassment allegedly related to their work with homeless persons. Through multiple statements of discredit and stigmatization, a climate of animosity was formed, fundamentally against the proposed beneficiary Julio Lancellotti, fostered by the widespread idea that the work of human rights defenders would stimulate the presence of street dwellers. After analysing the factual and legal allegations made by the parties, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates, in principle, that Julio Renato Lancellotti and Daniel Guerra Feitosa are in a situation of seriousness and urgency, since their rights to life and personal integrity are at serious risk. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested Brazil to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Julio Renato Lancellotti and Daniel Guerra Feitosa; adopt the necessary measures to guarantee that Julio Renato Lancellotti can continue to carry out his work as a human rights defender without being the object of threats, harassment or acts of violence in the exercise of those rights; agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries; and report on the actions implemented to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption of the present precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 10/19
MC 102-19 - Luis Alejandro Mogollón Velásquez, Venezuela

On March 7, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Luis Alejandro Mogollón Velásquez, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary, Lieutenant of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, has been deprived of his liberty since March 29, 2017 at the Ramo Verde national center for military defendants, accused of the crimes of rebellion, instigation of rebellion, and treason. According to the request, the proposed beneficiary, among other diseases and ailments (such as cranial trauma, epidural cranial fracture and myocardial infarction caused by the impact of having been thrown from a vehicle in a transfer on November 30, 2017), allegedly has Hodking's Lymphoma (type of cancer). He is allegedly in a delicate health situation, for which he allegedly did not receive medical attention since December 14, 2017. The applicants added that the authorities had attacked the proposed beneficiary on 25 January 2019 and denied him access to food and water for an extended period of time. In addition, on February 7, 2019, a judge ordered an "exhaustive review to corroborate whether Luis Alejandro Mogollón Velásquez was actually presenting all these illnesses," but this diligence had not been carried out. After requesting information from the State, according to Article 25.5 of the Regulations, the Commission requested Venezuela to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity and health of Mr. Luis Alejandro Mogollón Velásquez; to adopt the measures that make possible the adequate medical treatment of the proposed beneficiary, taking into account his health condition, in accordance with applicable international standards; and to report on the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to the adoption of the present precautionary measure and thus avoid its repetition.

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Résolution No. 9/19
MC 1302-18 - Isbert José Marín Chaparro, Venezuela

On March 4, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Isbert José Marín Chaparro in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that he is being deprived of his liberty at the military facility known as Fort Tiuna, in Caracas, and faces treason charges, and that he has been subjected to isolation with his hands tied and a bag over his head, among other forms of ill-treatment. After assessing the legal and factual allegations of the requesting party, the Commission considers, in principle, that the proposed beneficiary faces a situation of grave and urgent risk, since his rights risk suffering irreparable damage. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the State of Venezuela to adopt any measures necessary to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Isbert José Marín Chaparro; to take any measures necessary to ensure that the beneficiary’s conditions of detention comply with the applicable international standards; and to report on any actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, to prevent such events from happening again in the future.

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Résolution No. 8/19
MC 83-19 - Luis Alexander Bandres Figueroa, Venezuela

On February 28, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Luis Alexander Bandres Figueroa in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that Luis Alexander Bandres Figueroa, a sergeant major of the Bolivarian National Guard, is being deprived of his liberty since January 21, 2019 at the headquarters of the General Department of Military Counterintelligence (DGCIM, by its Spanish acronym), where his rights to life and personal integrity are allegedly at risk. After assessing the legal and factual allegations of the requesting party, the Commission considers, in principle, that the proposed beneficiary faces a situation of grave and urgent risk, since his rights risk suffering irreparable damage. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the State of Venezuela to take the following measures:

  1. adopt any measures necessary to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Luis Alexander Bandres Figueroa;
  2. take any measures necessary to ensure that the beneficiary’s conditions of detention comply with the applicable international standards;
  3. report on any actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, to prevent such events from happening again in the future.

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Résolution No. 7/19
MC 181-19 - Indigenous persons of the Pemon ethnic group in the San Francisco de Yuruaní or "Kumaracapay" community and one other, Venezuela

On February 28, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of indigenous persons of the Pemon ethnic group in the San Francisco de Yuruaní or "Kumaracapay" community and of indigenous rights defender Olnar Ortiz, in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that indigenous persons who live in San Francisco de Yuruaní (also known by the indigenous name "Kumaracapay") in the Gran Sabana municipality of the state of Bolívar, who belong to the Pemon ethnic group, and Bare indigenous rights defender Olnar Ortiz are at risk after they took part in events at the Venezuelan-Brazilian border on February 22-23, 2019, in connection with efforts to get humanitarian aid into Venezuela. According to the allegations, the proposed beneficiaries were subjected to various acts of violence, allegedly as a consequence of an excessive use of force by officers of the State and of attacks by groups that the requesting party calls "colectivos." After assessing the legal and factual allegations of the requesting party, the Commission considers, in principle, that the proposed beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk, since their rights risk suffering irreparable damage. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of the its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the State of Venezuela to adopt any measures necessary to protect the rights to life and personal integrity and to preserve the safety of indigenous persons of the Pemon ethnic group in the San Francisco de Yuruaní or "Kumaracapay" community, as well as of Bare indigenous rights defender Olnar Ortiz. Among such measures, the Commission asks the State of Venezuela to ensure that its officers respect beneficiaries’ rights and refrain from using force in any way incompatible with the applicable international standards; and to protect beneficiaries’ rights from likely events that might be perpetrated by third parties in the current context. In particular, the IACHR asks Venezuela to implement culturally appropriate security measures to prevent risky events that might otherwise be perpetrated by third parties that the requesting party calls "colectivos." Further, the Commission asks Venezuela to implement protection measures for the families of Pemon indigenous persons killed on February 22-23, 2019, and to provide adequate medical assistance to Pemon indigenous persons in the community who were injured in the area on February 22-23, 2019. Finally, the IACHR asks the State to come to an agreement with beneficiaries and their representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken and to report on any actions adopted to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, in order to prevent such events from happening again in the future..

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Résolution No. 5/19( EXTENSION )
MC 873-18 - Lucía Pineda Ubau and her family, Nicaragua

On February 11, 2019, the IACHR decided to extend Precautionary Measure 873/18. This precautionary measure had originally been granted on December 13, 2018, in favor of Miguel Mora Barberena (chairman of the news outlet Canal 100% Noticias), his wife Verónica Chávez (a journalist who is the channel’s executive director) and Leticia Gaitán Hernández (a news anchor and journalist who works for the channel). Through the extension granted on February 11, 2019, the Commission decided to include among the beneficiaries Lucía Pineda Ubau (spokesperson for 100% Noticias) and her family. According to the available information, Lucía Pineda Ubau and her family are at risk given the circumstances that followed her incarceration. After assessing the available information and the context, the Commission considers that the information that has been submitted shows, in principle, that the rights to life and personal integrity of Lucía Pineda Ubau and identified members of her family face a situation of grave and urgent risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the Nicaraguan State to adopt any measures necessary to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Lucía Pineda Ubau and identified members of her family. In particular, the State needs both to ensure that its officers will respect the beneficiary’s rights, in compliance with the standards of international human rights law, and to protect those rights from dangerous acts that may be perpetrated by third parties. The IACHR also asks Nicaragua to ensure that Lucía Pineda Ubau’s conditions of detention reflect the applicable international standards. In particular, she must be provided adequate medical care. Further, with a view to verifying the beneficiary’s circumstances, the State should facilitate Lucía Pineda Ubau’s access to her legal counsel, along with family visits, in compliance with the applicable international standards. The Commission asks the State to come to an agreement with the beneficiary and her representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken and to report on any actions adopted to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure.

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Résolution No. 4/19( EXTENSION )
MC 496-14, 37-15 - Persons deprived of their liberty at 15 police stations or other police facilities in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentine

On February 11, 2019, the IACHR decided to extend the precautionary measures in force in favor of persons deprived of their liberty at 15 police stations in the province of Buenos Aires, in Argentina. The request for an extension notes that the relevant persons are at risk, given their conditions of detention. Several of the facilities in question have been the object of court or administrative decisions ordering that such facilities be disables, suspended or shut down. After assessing the legal and factual allegations submitted by the parties, the Commission considers that the information that has been received shows, in principle, that the rights to life and personal integrity of the proposed beneficiaries are at risk. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 in the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the State of Argentina to adopt any measures necessary to preserve the lives and the personal integrity of persons who are being deprived of their liberty at police stations and other police facilities identified in this resolution. These measures need to take into consideration the specific situation of certain groups, such as women or older persons. Further, the IACHR asks Argentina to take any measures necessary to ensure that the conditions in which those people are being kept at police stations and other police facilities identified in this resolution reflect the applicable international standards. In that context, the Commission asks the State to immediately provide adequate conditions regarding hygiene, access to water fit for human consumption, food and medical care suitable for specific health issues; to implement an immediate contingency plan to reduce prolonged stays at police stations and other police facilities, considering the need for such stays to be temporary; and to take any actions necessary to substantially reduce overcrowding, with a commitment to preventing inmate transfers to other detention centers in similar conditions. That includes reviewing the situation of persons deprived of their liberty, based on the applicable pretrial detention standards. The IACHR further asks the State to move to disable, suspend or shut down police stations or other police facilities—in compliance with the decisions made by the competent authorities who ordered such measures—and to make emergency plans for any contingency and provide any tools and instruments necessary to that end. Finally, the Commission asks the State to come to an agreement with beneficiaries and their representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken, and to report on any actions adopted to investigate the events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, in order to prevent such events from happening again in the future.

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Résolution No. 3/19
MC 115-19 - Oswaldo García Palomo and others, Venezuela

On February 19, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Oswaldo García Palomo, José Romel Acevedo Montañez, Alberto José Salazar Cabañas, Miguel Ambrosio Palacio Salcedo and José Labichela Barrios in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiaries are being deprived of their liberty at the headquarters of the General Department of Military Counterintelligence (DGCIM, by its Spanish acronym), where their rights to life and personal integrity are allegedly at risk. After assessing the legal and factual allegations of the requesting party, the Commission considers, in principle, that the proposed beneficiaries face a situation of grave and urgent risk, since their rights risk suffering irreparable damage. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the Venezuelan State to adopt any measures necessary to protect the rights to life, health and personal integrity of Oswaldo García Palomo, José Romel Acevedo Montañez, Alberto José Salazar Cabañas, Miguel Ambrosio Palacio Salcedo and José Labichela Barrios. In particular, the IACHR notes that any protection measures taken by the Venezuelan State should ensure both that its officers respect beneficiaries’ rights and that beneficiaries have access to adequate medical care, considering their health conditions and the recommendations of the relevant specialists.

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Résolution No. 2/19
MC 84-19 - Ruth Esther Matute Valdivia, Nicaragua

On January 31, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Ruth Esther Matute Valdivia, in Nicaragua. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary is at risk due to the lack of adequate medical attention to attend to her health situation. After analyzing the available information, in light of the applicable context and the findings made, the Commission considers that the information presented demonstrates, prima facie, that the rights to life, personal integrity and health of Ruth Esther Matute Valdivia are in a situation of seriousness and urgency. Consequently, in accordance with Article 25 of the Regulation, the Commission requests the State of Nicaragua to take the necessary measures to guarantee the rights to life, personal integrity and health of Ruth Esther Matute Valdivia. In particular, the State must ensure that its agents respect the rights of the beneficiary in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, as well as in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties. The IACHR also requested the Nicaraguan State to ensure that Ruth Esther Matute Valdivia has access to adequate medical treatment, taking into account her health condition and in accordance with the recommendations given by the corresponding specialists; and that in order to verify the circumstances in which the beneficiary finds herself, it facilitates access to her legal representatives and family visits in accordance with the applicable standards. Finally, the IACHR requested that the State agree on the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and her representatives, and that it inform the Commission of the actions taken in order to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure.

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Résolution No. 1/19
MC 70-19 - Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez and his family, Venezuela

On January 25, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez and his family in Venezuela. The request for precautionary measures alleges that the proposed beneficiary, his wife Fabiana Rosales and their daughter face a serious, urgent risk of suffering irreparable damage to their rights in the current context in the State of Venezuela. After assessing the legal and factual allegations, the Commission considers it proved prima facie that Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez and his family face a situation of grave and urgent risk, since their rights to life and personal integrity risk suffering irreparable damage. Consequently, in keeping with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission asks the State of Venezuela to take any measures necessary to protect the rights to life and personal integrity and to preserve the safety of Juan Gerardo Guaidó and his family, in compliance with the standards of international human rights law (including protecting those persons’ rights with relation to dangerous acts that might be perpetrated by third parties); to come to an agreement with the beneficiary and his representatives regarding any measures that need to be taken; and to report on any actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to the adoption of this precautionary measure, to prevent such events from happening again in the future.

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