Grants and extensions
Resolution No. 40/25
PM 469-25 - Luis Roberto Somaza Castellano, Venezuela
On May 5, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Luis Roberto Somaza Castellano, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Venezuela. It was alleged that the beneficiary is a leader of the political opposition in Venezuela. On February 12, 2025, he was detained by State authorities during an operation. Since his detention, there has been no official information about his conditions of detention in the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN) or his current state of health. Similarly, the beneficiary is said to have no contact with his family or access to the necessary medical attention despite his ailments. The Commission also found that the State did not provide any information regarding the measures adopted to mitigate the beneficiary’s risk. In accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Luis Roberto Somaza Castellano;
- implement sufficient measures to ensure that the beneficiary’s detention conditions are compatible with applicable international standards. In particular, the following:
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health and guarantee access to medical care and necessary treatments;
- guarantee regular contact with his family members and trusted attorneys, facilitating access to the criminal file that is being processed against the beneficiary;
- inform the representation of the reasons why the beneficiary continues to be deprived of his liberty and the judicial decisions regarding his legal situation;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 39/25
PM 492-25 - Jonathan Guillermo Torres Duque, Venezuela
On May 5, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Jonathan Guillermo Torres Duque, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Venezuela. It was alleged that the beneficiary, of Venezuelan nationality, was detained on October 27, 2024, by agents of the Bolivarian National Guard (GNB) at the Peracal checkpoint in San Antonio, Táchira state, when he attempted to enter Venezuela after living in the United States for 10 years. Since that time, his fate or whereabouts or the reasons for his detention have been unknown. The Commission found that the State did not provide information and that approximately six months after the detention, and after the internal judicial and search actions carried out, the legal situation and whereabouts of the proposed beneficiary are unknown, despite the efforts made by his next of kin. In addition, the IACHR took into consideration that it is not known whether he has been evaluated or received medical attention to establish his health condition. In accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of the beneficiary. In particular,
- report whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State and, if so, indicate the reason and circumstances of his detention; or the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
- specify whether he has been brought before a competent court to review his detention if he has been charged with a crime, or clarify the reason why he has not done so, if he has not appeared before a court;
- expressly indicate the court that would know his criminal case, if any, or the reasons why he has not been released to date;
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his family and trusted legal representatives, giving them full access to his criminal file, if any; and
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health and guarantee access to necessary medical care; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 38/25
PM 320-25 - Aurora Carolina Silva Uzcátegui and her two daughters, Venezuela
On May 4, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Aurora Carolina Silva Uzcátegui and her two daughters, after considering that they are in a serious and urgent situation, given that their rights to life and personal integrity are at risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, the beneficiary is allegedly being subjected to threats, harassment, and surveillance by State agents, as a consequence of the public denunciations made in defense of the rights of her husband, Freddy Francisco Superlano Salinas, who is deprived of his liberty. For its part, the State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Aurora Carolina Silva Uzcátegui, A.I.S.S., and A.S.S.;
- implement the corresponding measures to guarantee that Aurora Carolina Silva Uzcátegui can continue to carry out her activities in defense of human rights without being subjected to threats, harassment, or acts of violence in the exercise thereof. In particular, the State must ensure that state actors respect the beneficiaries’ rights and personal integrity in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, and in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and her representation; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to this resolution, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 37/25( EXTENSION, FOLLOW-UP, AND PARTIAL LIFT )
PM 137-23 - Identified members of the Comité Municipal de Defensa de los Bienes Comunes y Públicos de Tocoa and Bufete Justicia para los Pueblos, Honduras
On May 1, 2025, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) decided to issue Resolution of Follow-up, Extension, and Partial Lift 37/2025, regarding precautionary measures 137-23 in favor of members of the Municipal Committee for the Defense of the Common and Public Goods of Tocoa (Comité Municipal de Defensa de los Bienes Comunes y Públicos de Tocoa, CMDBCPT) and the law firm Justice for the People (Bufete Justicia para los Pueblos) in Honduras.
In the resolution, the IACHR decided to maintain the precautionary measures, lift them with respect to Juan López after his murder in September 2024, and extend them in favor of 13 defenders and/or members of the Committee and family members of Juan López, due to the serious and urgent risk as a result of their activities in defense of the environment in the context of mining projects in the Bajo Aguán region, as well as the search for justice after the murder of Juan López.
Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission decided as follows:
- Keep the precautionary measures granted in favor of Juana Ramona Zu´niga Marti´nez, Gabriela Ofelia Sorto Cruz, David Lemus, J.M., D.M., Olayo Me´ndez, Juana Esquivel, A.C., D.S., Esly Emperatriz Banegas A´vila, Rita Isabel Romero, Aida Rodri´guez, Mario Lo´pez, Gregorio Va´squez, Ernesto Lo´pez, Dinora Castro, A.A., Jose´ Abelino Cedillo, Reynaldo Domi´nguez, Eugenio Esquivel, J.S.H., O.H, Jose´ Daniel Ma´rquez, Marco Tulio Ramos, Kelvin Romero, Porfirio Sorto, Edy Alexander Ta´bora Gonzales, Kenia Oliva, and Carlos Jime´nez;
- Extend the precautionary measures granted in favor of Telma Pena, Claudia López, Julia López, Melvin Darvin Espino López, Enma Iveth Gutiérrez Velásquez, Roxana Yamileth Romero Ruiz, Gloria Dubon, Antonio Alvarado, Miguel Ángel Vásquez, José Nuncio Veliz Alfaro, Limbor Otoniel Velásquez Sarmiento, Jose Juan Cedillo Martínez, and Angel Augusto Centerero;
- Lift the precautionary measures granted to Juan Antonio López;
- Strengthen the implementation of measures to protect beneficiaries and assess the situations that place them at risk, as soon as possible, with a view to adopting appropriate and effective measures to protect their lives and personal integrity;
- Strengthen the presence of state institutions in the area within the framework of environmental and disarmament policies as part of the measures to be implemented to mitigate the risk to beneficiaries; and
- Investigate with due diligence the alleged acts of risk and thus prevent impunity and the repetition of such acts, in particular the murder of human rights defender Juan Antonio López.
Resolution No. 35/25( EXTENSION )
PM 1426-24 - Sairam Gabriela Rivas Moreno, Venezuela
On April 24, 2025, the IACHR extended precautionary measures in favor of Sairam Gabriela Rivas Moreno, in Venezuela. Through Resolution 105/2024 of December 31, 2024, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of her partner Jesús Alexander Armas Monasterios. On this occasion, it was reported that she was subject to harassment and threats as a result of her work as a human rights defender and the search for him. The State did not respond to the IACHR.
The Commission requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Sairam Gabriela Rivas Moreno;
- implement the corresponding measures to guarantee that the beneficiary can continue to carry out her human rights defense activities without being subject to threats, harassment or acts of violence in the exercise thereof. In particular, the State must ensure that state actors respect the beneficiary’s rights and personal integrity in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, and in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties;
- report on the existing criminal investigations involving her; present any judicial arrest warrants, if applicable; and provide adequate security guarantees during the course of any investigations;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and her representation; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to this extension of the precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 33/25
PM 252-25 - Douglas Gamaliel Pérez Centeno, Nicaragua
On April 6, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Douglas Gamaliel Pérez Centeno, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Nicaragua. It was alleged that the beneficiary was extradited from Costa Rica on February 16, 2025, and since then has been detained by Nicaraguan state authorities. Since then, his next of kin reportedly do not have precise information on his place of detention, conditions of detention, and current status, despite the steps and actions taken with the State authorities. The Commission also found that the State did not provide official information on the current situation of the proposed beneficiary, including his current location and conditions of detention, or information on the measures adopted to address the beneficiary’s risk situation. In accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Nicaragua:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect his rights to life and personal integrity. In particular, clarifying where he is being held in Nicaragua or his legal situation following his extradition to the country;
- specify whether, since his extradition from Costa Rica, he has been brought before the appropriate judicial authority, and if not, indicate the reasons for his detention without judicial review. Likewise, to report on his conditions of deprivation of liberty, including the procedural stage of the criminal case against him, and whether he has access to his legal representatives and family members, as well as the necessary health care; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent them from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 32/25
PM 334-25 - Yevhenii Petrovich Trush, Venezuela
On April 5, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Yevhenii Petrovich Trush, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation of risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Venezuela. It was alleged that the beneficiary is a student of Ukrainian citizenship, identified as neurodivergent. On October 20, 2024, State agents detained the beneficiary without explanation. The Commission found that the State did not provide information and that the whereabouts of the beneficiary are unknown. In addition, the authorities have not clarified the beneficiary’s legal situation, nor have actions been taken to guarantee communication between the beneficiary and the country of which he is a national and his next of kin. Likewise, the IACHR considered it transcendental that the beneficiary is a neurodivergent person, which requires reasonable adjustments to guarantee his access and exercise of his rights under conditions of equality. In accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of the beneficiary. In particular,
- inform whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State and if so, indicate the reason for his detention and his current circumstances, or provide information on the measures aimed at determining his whereabouts or fate;
- specify whether the beneficiary was brought before a court of competent jurisdiction to review his detention if he was charged with a crime, or indicate the reason why not, if he has not been brought before a court;
- expressly indicate the court that reportedly hears his criminal case, if any, or the reasons why he has not been released to date;
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his family and trusted legal representatives, giving them full access to his criminal file, if any;
- report whether the beneficiary has been provided with access to a translator or interpreter in order to gain accurate knowledge of his situation and exercise his rights;
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health and guarantee access to necessary medical care;
- report whether reasonable adjustments and specific support have been made for the exercise of his rights, including any adjustments that may be required due to the neurodivergence that the requesting party indicated that the beneficiary has;
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his country of nationality; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 31/25
PM 304-25 - Fernando Loaiza Chacón, Venezuela
On March 31, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Fernando Loaiza Chacon. It was reported that on March 14, 2025, the beneficiary, political activist of the Acción Democrática party and current mayor of the Catatumbo municipality, in the state of Zulia, was detained by the Strategic Operations Group (GOES). Since that date, his whereabouts and current health situation are unknown. When evaluating the decision, the Commission took into consideration the fact that the beneficiary’s whereabouts are unknown, that his next of kin do not have the possibility to request protection measures at the domestic level or to receive the medical attention he might require for the various pathologies he suffers. After analyzing the available information, the IACHR, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Fernando Loaiza Chacón. In particular, provide official information on whether he is in the custody of the State and the circumstances of his detention, or on the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
- implement sufficient measures to ensure that the conditions of detention of the beneficiary are compatible with applicable international standards. In particular the following:
- facilitate contact with his relatives, representatives and trusted lawyers;
- inform officially about the legal situation of the beneficiary in the framework of the criminal proceedings in which he is allegedly involved, such as the reasons for which he has not been released to date, and whether he has been presented to a court for review of his detention; and
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health situation and guarantee access to the necessary medical care and treatment;
- implement the necessary measures so that the beneficiary can carry out his activities as mayor and opposition political leader without being subjected to threats, harassment, intimidation, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 28/25
PM 671-23 - Mario Alberto Hernández Leyva, Cuba
On March 27, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Mario Alberto Hernández Leyva, considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Cuba. According to the request, the beneficiary is the vice-president of the Opposition Movement for a New Republic (MONR) and promoter of the citizens’ campaign Cuba Decide. Since 2023, he has been subjected to repeated detentions, during which episodes of incommunicado detention, beatings, inclusion in punishment cells and restriction of rights and benefits, such as visits and contact with the outside world, have been reported. This situation, added to the lack of adequate medical attention, and the mental health problems that he is already facing, reflect that he would be in a situation of lack of protection against the risk events that he is facing.
Given the lack of response from the State, the Commission has no elements to assess the actions that have been purportedly initiated in his favor.
Consequently, under the terms of Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, it requested that Cuba:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiary;
- take the necessary measures so that his detention conditions comply with applicable international standards. In particular, ensuring that the corresponding medical diagnoses are made, as well as the definition of his medical treatment;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 27/25
PM 247-25 - Lucas Jonas Hunter, Venezuela
On March 22, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Lucas Jonas Hunter. It was reported that Lucas Jonas Hunter is a French and United States citizen, works as an investment analyst and does not speak Spanish. On January 7, 2025, he got lost while riding his motorcycle near Paraguanchón, Guajira department, in northern Colombia, and was detained by officials of the Venezuelan Bolivarian National Guard at the border control. Since that date, his whereabouts are unknown. The Commission took into consideration that the whereabouts of the beneficiary are unknown, that it is not possible to ascertain the conditions in which he is, that communication between the beneficiary and the countries of which he is a national has not been guaranteed, preventing consular authorities, legal representatives and lawyers in Venezuela from providing him with support and assistance.
After analyzing the available information, the IACHR, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiary. In particular,
- inform whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State and the circumstances of his detention; or the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
- specify whether the beneficiary was brought before a competent court to review his detention if he has been charged with a crime;
- expressly indicate the court that reportedly hears his criminal case, if any, or the reasons why he has not been released to date;
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his family and trusted legal representatives, giving them full access to his criminal file, if any;
- report whether the beneficiary has been provided with access to a translator or interpreter in order to gain accurate knowledge of his situation and exercise his rights; and
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his countries of nationality; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 26/25
PM 222-25 - José Alejandro Hurtado Díaz, Nicaragua
On March 14, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of José Alejandro Hurtado Díaz, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Nicaragua. It was alleged that the beneficiary's whereabouts are unknown. On January 27, 2025, he was detained by police officers at his home. Since his detention, his whereabouts have not been known nor has he had contact with persons close to him. The state authorities have also not provided official information about his whereabouts or his current state. The Commission also assessed that the State did not provide any information regarding the measures adopted to mitigate the beneficiary’s risk or regarding the actions taken to determine his whereabouts. Pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Nicaragua:
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of the beneficiary, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity;
- indicate whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State, and if so, specify whether he has been charged with an offence and/or taken before a court of appropriate jurisdiction;
- clarify the circumstances and conditions of his detention, including the place of his detention, and if he has access to his legal representatives and family, as well as the necessary health care; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 21/25
PM 143-25 - Carlos Marcelino Chancellor Ferrer, Venezuela
On February 28, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Carlos Marcelino Chancellor Ferrer, considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation given that his rights to life, personal integrity, and health face a risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, the beneficiary, 65 years old, is an opposition politician and former mayor of the municipality of Sifontes, in the state of Bolívar. He has been detained since August 6, 2024, following the post-election context in Venezuela. To date, he remains without access to medical care for his illnesses. For its part, the State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Carlos Marcelino Chancellor Ferrer;
- implement sufficient measures to ensure that the beneficiary’s detention conditions are compatible with applicable international standards. In particular, the following:
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health situation and guarantee access to the necessary medical care;
- facilitate contact with his trusted lawyer, giving him access to the criminal file that is being processed against the beneficiary; and
- inform the representation about the reasons for which the beneficiary continues to be deprived of liberty and the judicial decisions regarding his legal situation;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 16/25
PM 117-25 - Julio Antonio Quintana Carvajal, Nicaragua
On February 18, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Julio Antonio Quintana Carvajal, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Nicaragua. It was alleged that the beneficiary's whereabouts are unknown. On November 26, 2024, during a police operation, he was detained by police officers at his home. Since his detention, his whereabouts have not been known nor has he had contact with persons close to him. The state authorities have also not provided official information about his whereabouts or his current state. The Commission also assessed that the State did not provide any information regarding the measures adopted to mitigate the beneficiary's risk or regarding the actions taken to determine his whereabouts. Pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Nicaragua:
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of the beneficiary, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity;
- detail whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State, and if so, specify by what legal authority, and the circumstances and conditions of his detention. In particular, report on the place of his detention, and allow access to his legal representatives and family, as well as the necessary health care; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 15/25
PM 45-25 - Daniel García Morillo, Venezuela
On February 18, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Daniel García Morillo. It was reported that on January 9, 2025, the beneficiary was deprived of his liberty by members of the Bolivarian National Guard in Maracaibo, Zulia state. From that moment on, his location has been unknown. In addition, they reported that the beneficiary suffers from Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), a bleeding disorder that reportedly requires constant and adequate medical attention.
When assessing the decision, the Commission took into account that the beneficiary's whereabouts are unknown, that it is not possible to ensure the conditions in which he finds himself or consider that he has the minimum guarantees necessary to protect his fundamental rights, and that family members do not have the possibility of requesting protection measures at the domestic level or ensuring that the required actions are taken to locate the beneficiary.
Having analyzed the information available, pursuant to the provisions of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the IACHR requested that Venezuela
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Daniel García Morillo. In particular, among others, disclose whether Daniel García Morillo is in the custody of the State and if so for what charges and by what legal authority as well as the circumstances of his detention;
- promote the necessary measures to ensure that the conditions of detention of the beneficiary are compatible with the applicable international standards on the matter, including:
- guaranteeing regular contact with and access to his family members, his trusted attorneys and representatives;
- provide official information on the legal situation of the beneficiary in the framework of the criminal proceedings in which he is allegedly involved, such as the reasons why he has not been released to date, and whether he has been brought before a court for the review of his detention; and
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health situation and guarantee access to necessary medical care;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 13/25( EXTENSION AND FOLLOW-UP )
PM 1581-18 - Jorge David Glas Espinel, Ecuador
On February 10, 2025, the IACHR adopted Follow-up and Extension Resolution 13/2025 in relation to the situation of Jorge Glas in Ecuador. After carrying out a follow-up visit to the beneficiary's situation in November 2024 in Ecuador, the IACHR considered that Jorge Glas's risk continues, after his detention in April 2024. It warned that his mental health is going through a state of special gravity, despite the medical care provided by the State in 2024, and that both his detention conditions and the events of violence that have occurred in the prison where he is currently, in addition to the detention conditions, are allegedly impacting the deterioration of the mental health of the beneficiary, and could impact his physical integrity. Having analyzed the submissions of fact and law, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission concluded that the situation of Mr. Jorge David Glas Espinel in Ecuador remains in force and decided:
- Continue to follow up on the situation of Jorge David Glas Espinel.
- In light of the assessments made in this resolution, extend the scope of the precautionary measures in force to include the beneficiary’s right to health. Consequently, the State of Ecuador is requested to adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Jorge David Glas Espinel. In particular, assessing and implementing those most appropriate to his personal circumstances, and that allow for the creation of conditions that ensure and respect his rights, and compliance with the extension of the precautionary measure. This must include, at least, that the State:
- To maintain the continuous operation of the independent Technical Table that will have the following functions: 1. to be an instance of dialogue that allows reaching scientific medical consensus in case of discrepancies; and 2. to resolve any medical discrepancies that may arise between the trusted doctors of the beneficiary of the precautionary measure and the doctors in charge of the treatment of Mr. Jorge David Glas Espinel.
- In light of the available medical documentation, to carry out a complete medical evaluation immediately in a hospital center, and to draw up a protocol that, without endangering the life or personal integrity of the beneficiary, establishes the appropriate protocol for admission and discharge to a hospital center each time it is necessary to carry out hospital treatment that cannot be provided in the detention center or to attend a physical or mental health emergency of Mr. Jorge David Glas Espinel.
- Following the medical evaluation and the recommended treatment, the State must act with absolute diligence and take into account the scientific evaluations of the Technical Table and ensure that the conditions of detention, whether they occur in a detention center or in a hospital center if the beneficiary is receiving hospital treatment, must be compatible with the applicable international standards in the matter, including:
- Mr. Jorge David Glas Espinel is immediately transferred to a detention center other than the Guayas No. 3 Detention Center (CPL).
- That the new detention center has at least the following characteristics and conditions of detention:
- An adapted cell without objects that can be used for self-injury.
- Illuminated, ventilated, clean and not overcrowded spaces, with access to basic services.
- Trained personnel with specialized training in mental health, suicide risk detection and psychological first aid.
- Avoid conditions of extreme isolation, allowing safe social interactions.
- Access to support networks, family visits, contact with lawyers and religious assistance if desired. All in private spaces.
- Allow for the access to independent monitoring mechanisms and accredited and specialized external institutional organizations to monitor detention conditions.
- Keep logs of the actions taken for the protection of the beneficiary, which are accessible and transparent.
- Ensure clear intervention protocols to respond to emergencies in situations presenting a risk to the life and integrity, and care for people with suicidal intentions and/or attempts.
- Ensure the timely and regular flow of medical information from the beneficiary and visits and participation of the beneficiary’s trusted doctors.
- Guarantee specific treatments for Mr. Jorge David Glas Espinel including therapies and medication. In case of discrepancy of opinion on the part of the beneficiary’s trusted physicians, such discrepancies shall be known and resolved by the Independent Technical Table.
- Access to the care of psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers who must be available in order to be able to comply with the medical treatment prescribed.
- Constant monitoring through uninterrupted supervision by trained personnel, which must be documented in a transparent recording mechanism.
- Consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives, in accordance with the assessments and scope delimited in this resolution. In particular, strengthen the existing internal consultation mechanisms, taking into account the assessments and scope delimited in this resolution; and
- Report on the actions taken to investigate the facts that gave rise to the adoption and continuity of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring. In particular, send the IACHR periodic information on the status of the investigation into the claims of ill-treatment and torture made in the context of this matter.
Resolution No. 12/25
PM 1350-24 - Edwin Edgardo Lainez Ordoñez, Honduras
On February 2, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Edwin Edgardo Lainez Ordoñez, whose whereabouts have remained unknown in the city of Tegucigalpa since November 13, 2024. As background, in August 2023, the beneficiary was approached by a group of individuals identified as members of a criminal organization who threatened him and demanded the payment of one million lempiras. The requesting party warned that the kidnapping could be linked to the same individuals who had previously extorted him. The Honduran State informed that the Police Directorate Against Maras, Gangs, and Organized Crime (DIPAMPCO) received a complaint from Lainez’s father for alleged disappearance and deprivation of liberty. In addition, the Police Directorate of Investigations (DPI) reported having carried out different investigative actions, such as search rounds to collect information and identify security cameras, among others.
The Commission appreciated the fact that the State has taken investigative actions and that it has expressed its commitment to continue developing measures to locate him. However, it noted that despite the time that has elapsed and the complaints filed, there is no official information regarding the place and conditions in which Edwin Edgardo Lainez Ordoñez is. Similarly, the latest communication from the State does not indicate any progress or results in the investigations carried out by the competent authorities. After analyzing the available information, the IACHR, in accordance with Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, requested that Honduras
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the whereabouts or fate of Edwin Edgardo Lainez Ordoñez, in order to protect his rights to life and personal integrity;
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring; and
- ensure that the family of Mr. Lainez Ordoñez is kept duly informed of the measures adopted and the progress of the investigation.
Resolution No. 10/25
PM 27-25 - Jesús Gabriel Useche Moncada, Venezuela
On January 30, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Jesús Gabriel Useche Moncada, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation since his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, the 19 year-old beneficiary, who has an intellectual disability, was detained on January 9, 2025, during the demonstrations in Venezuela. To date, he remains isolated and incommunicado, with no information on the conditions of his detention or his current state of health. For its part, the State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Jesús Gabriel Useche Moncada;
- promote the necessary measures to ensure that the conditions of detention of the beneficiary are compatible with the applicable international standards on the matter, particularly taking into account his disability, inter alia:
- guarantee regular contact with and access to his family members, trusted lawyers, and representatives;
- provide official information about the legal situation of the beneficiary in the framework of the criminal proceedings in which he is allegedly involved, such as the reasons for which he has not been released to date, and whether he has been brought before a court for the review of his detention;
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health situation and guarantee access to necessary medical care;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be implemented with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 9/25
PM 393-24 - Luis Wilber Aguilar Bravo Rivera and his family, Cuba
On January 30, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Luis Wilber Aguilar Bravo Rivera and his family, upon considering that he is at serious and urgent risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Cuba. According to the request, the beneficiary is the father of Walnier Luis Aguilar Rivera, a person with a disability who is deprived of liberty and a beneficiary of precautionary measures. Since his son's detention, the beneficiary has been protesting and filing complaints regarding human rights violations against political prisoners in Cuba. Due to this, since 2022, the beneficiary has been subjected to constant surveillance by state agents. He has also been subjected to repeated detentions, during which there have been reports of episodes of isolation from his family, inadequate detention conditions, such as lack of access to water and food, and repeated threats by state agents. The frequency and incidence of events intensified from 2024, including restrictions on freedom of movement and freedom of expression. Consequently, under the terms of Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, it requested that Cuba:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries;
- implement the necessary measures to enable them to carry out their human rights activities without being subjected to threats, harassment, or acts of violence;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 8/25
PM 25-25, 26-25 - Víctor Manuel Borjas Albornoz and Manuel Alejandro Muñoz Camacho, Venezuela
On January 26, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Víctor Manuel Borjas Albornoz and Manuel Alejandro Muñoz Camacho, after considering that they are in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to their rights in Venezuela. It was alleged that the beneficiaries are political and human rights activists in Venezuela. On January 9, 2025, they were detained by State security authorities during nationwide protests. Since their detentions, their whereabouts have not been known nor have they had contact with their relatives and/or legal representatives. The Commission also assessed that the State did not provide any information regarding the measures adopted to mitigate the beneficiaries’ risk or regarding the actions taken to determine their location. Pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to safeguard the rights to life and personal integrity of Víctor Manuel Borjas Albornoz and Manuel Alejandro Muñoz Camacho. In particular, officially report whether they are in the custody of the State and the circumstances of their detention; or, the measures taken to determine their respective whereabouts or fate;
- establish the necessary measures to ensure that the beneficiaries’ detention conditions are compatible with the applicable international standards on the matter, including:
- guaranteeing regular contact with and access to their family members, lawyers, and representatives; and
- officially report on their legal situation in the framework of the criminal process in which they are said to be involved, as well as the reasons why they have not been released to date, and whether they have been presented to a court for review of their detention;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 7/25
PM 205-24 - Carlos Julio Rojas, Venezuela
On January 20, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of journalist and social activist Carlos Julio Rojas, upon considering that he is at serious and urgent risk of irreparable harm to his rights in Venezuela. On April 15, 2024, he was detained by Venezuelan security forces. Since his deprivation of liberty, he has not been allowed access to a trusted lawyer and has not had contact with his relatives since July 28, 2024. It was reported that the beneficiary allegedly suffers from diseases and there is no official information on his detention or health conditions. For its part, the State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Carlos Julio Rojas, in accordance with the applicable international standards;
- implement the necessary measures to ensure that his detention conditions are compatible with the applicable international standards on the matter, in particular:
- guarantee regular contact with and access to his family members, lawyers, and representatives; ii) provide official information on the legal situation of the beneficiary in the framework of the criminal process in which he is said to be involved; iii. immediately carry out a medical evaluation of his health and guarantee access to the necessary medical care;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 6/25
PM 1271-24 - Gustavo de los Reyes Ruiz, his wife, and son, Venezuela
On January 20, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Gustavo de los Reyes Ruiz, his wife, and son, after considering that they are in a serious and urgent situation given that their rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, the proposed beneficiaries are being harassed by Venezuelan State security agents due to their political activity and affiliation with the opposition party “Vente Venezuela” in the country. For its part, the State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiaries;
- ensure the corresponding measures to guarantee that they can continue to carry out their political participation activities without being subjected to threats, harassment, or acts of violence in the exercise thereof. In particular, the State must ensure that its agents respect the rights and personal integrity of the beneficiaries in accordance with the standards established by international human rights law, as well as in relation to acts of risk attributable to third parties;
- report on existing criminal investigations against them; exhibit the judicial arrest warrants that exist, if any; and allow them to have security guarantees in the development of the eventual investigations;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiaries and their representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 4/25
PM 1436-24 - Angélica Patricia Chavarría Altamirano, Nicaragua
On January 10, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Angélica Patricia Chavarría Altamirano, after considering that she is in a serious and urgent situation presenting a risk of irreparable harm to her rights in Nicaragua. It was alleged that the beneficiary’s whereabouts have remained unknown as from her detention on May 19, 2024. It was alleged that police officers detained her and her partner, under house arrest, without the possibility of communicating. After the latter’s death in September 2024, her relatives have not been able to find her whereabouts or fate in Nicaragua. The state authorities have not provided official information about her whereabouts or her current state. The Commission also assessed that the State did not provide any information regarding the measures adopted to mitigate the beneficiary’s risk or regarding the actions taken to determine her whereabouts. Pursuant to Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Nicaragua:
- adopt the necessary measures to determine the situation and whereabouts of the beneficiary, in order to protect her rights to life and personal integrity;
- detail if the beneficiary is in the custody of the State, the circumstances, and conditions of her detention. In particular, report on the place of her detention, and allow access to her legal representatives and family, as well as the necessary health care; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 3/25
PM 16-25 - Carlos José Correa Barros, Venezuela
On January 10, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Carlos José Correa Barros, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation given that his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, he is a human rights defender and executive director of the organization Espacio Público, who was allegedly detained on January 7, 2025, by security authorities of the State of Venezuela. His whereabouts are currently unknown. The State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Carlos José Correa Barros. In particular, provide official information on whether he is in the custody of the State and the circumstances of his detention, or on the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
- implement the necessary measures so that the beneficiary can carry out his human rights defense activities without being subjected to threats, stigmatizing and disqualifying statements, harassment, or acts of violence;
- establish the necessary measures to ensure that the conditions of detention of the beneficiary are compatible with the applicable international standards on the matter, including:
- guaranteeing regular contact and access to his family members, his attorneys, and representatives;
- provide official information on the legal situation of the beneficiary in the framework of the criminal proceedings in which he is allegedly involved, such as the reasons why he has not been released to date, and whether he has been brought before a court for a review of his detention; and
- immediately carry out a medical assessment of his health situation and guarantee access to the necessary medical care;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that gave rise to this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 2/25
PM 1438-24 - Alberto Trentini, Venezuela
On January 7, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Alberto Trentini, considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation given that his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, the proposed beneficiary is an Italian national and a humanitarian worker of the NGO “Humanity and Inclusion,” in Venezuela. He was detained on November 15, 2024, by Venezuelan authorities at the checkpoint of Guasdualito, Venezuela. Since that date, his whereabouts have been unknown. The State did not provide information to the IACHR. Therefore, pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, it requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiary. In particular, officially report whether he is in custody of the State and the circumstances of his detention; or else, the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
- establish the necessary measures to ensure that the beneficiary’s detention conditions are compatible with the applicable international standards on the matter, including:
- guaranteeing regular contact with and access to his family members, lawyers, and representatives, and allow the beneficiary to communicate with his country of nationality;
- officially report on the legal situation of the beneficiary in the framework of the criminal process in which he is said to be involved, as well as the reasons why he has not been released to date and if a court has reviewed his detention; and
- immediately carry out a medical evaluation of his health and guarantee access to the necessary medical care;
- consult and agree upon the measures to be adopted with the beneficiary and his representatives; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this resolution, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.
Resolution No. 1/25
PM 1432-24 - Nahuel Agustín Gallo, Venezuela
On January 1, 2025, the IACHR granted precautionary measures in favor of Nahuel Agustín Gallo after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation, given that his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela. According to the request, the proposed beneficiary is a First Corporal of the National Gendarmerie in Argentina, and was detained on December 8, 2024, at the Francisco de Paula Santander International Bridge, in Ureña, Venezuela. Since that date, his whereabouts, the conditions of his detention and state of health have been unknown. The State did not provide information to the IACHR. Consequently, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:
- adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of the beneficiary. In particular,
- inform whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State and the circumstances of his detention; or the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
- specify whether the beneficiary was brought before a competent court to review his detention if he has been charged with a crime;
- expressly indicate the court that reportedly hears his criminal case, if any, or the reasons why he has not been released to date;
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his family and trusted legal representatives, giving them full access to his criminal file, if any; and
- allow the beneficiary to communicate with his country of nationality; and
- report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.