Confidence and security-building
measures
Reports
REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONFIDENCE-
AND
SECURITY- BUILDING MEASURES IN THE REGION
November 8-10, 1995
Santiago, Chile |
OEA/Ser.K/XXIX.2
COSEGRE/doc.10/95
30 October 1995
Original: Spanish |
REPORT OF THE
INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD ON
THE DRAFT INVENTORY OF CONFIDENCE-BUILDING
MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE THAT ARE BEING
IMPLEMENTED IN THE HEMISPHERE
August 15, 1995
Your Excellency:
As a result of the request
submitted to the IADB, through a note dated June 29, 1995, by Ambassador Villela
de Talbott, who was then the President of the Permanent Council, I am pleased to
forward you, a proposed inventory, attached hereto, with the Confidence Building
Measures of a Military Nature that are being applied in the Hemisphere. This
inventory is submitted in the official language of each country.
The following guidelines were
taken into consideration for the preparation of the task:
1. OAS Member countries with
representation at the IADB:
The subject was analyzed by the
Council of Delegates, establishing:
-
A coordinated work
schedule for the delegations.
-
Levels of bilateral,
subregional and hemispheric measures per country.
-
A list of Confidence
Building Measures of a Military Nature prepared in the Meeting of
Experts held in Buenos Aires in March 1994, as a guideline or reminder.
2. OAS Member countries with
no representation at the IADB:
A note forwarded to the
Ambassadors of each country, requesting the inventory, and describing the OAS
requirement and its rationale. A guideline for the preparation of the inventory
was also included in that note.
Please know that this letter
comes with the assurance of my highest esteem and consideration.
/s/JOHN C. ELLERSON
Major General, U.S. Army
Chairman
His Excellency Richard Bernal
Ambassador Permanent Representative of Jamaica
to the Organization of American States
President of the Permanent Council
PROPOSED INVENTORY ON MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING
MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
D.M.P. No. 47/95
Argentine Republic
Military Delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board
Washington, D.C., 22 June 1995
Subject: Confidence-building
measures of a military nature
TO BRIGADIER GENERAL LUIS F.
ORTEGA MENALDO, DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD.
In reply to the request in
Memorandum D-95/54 of 18 May of this year and for the purposes of satisfying the
request of the OAS Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, I enclose herewith
the Inventory of Confidence-Building Measures that the government and the armed
forces of Argentina are implementing in the American hemisphere.
Please know that this
communication comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
Enclosed: Appendixes A, B, C, D
and E
/s/ Brigadier General LUIS
DOMINGO VILLAR
Chief of the Argentina Military Delegation
to the IADB
APPENDIX "A"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Measures |
Countries |
Length |
Observations |
Treaty of TLATELOLCO-Mexico-14 Feb 67 |
All Latin American countries |
|
Utilization of nuclear energy for
peaceful purposes. Ratified Nov 93 |
Argentine-Brazilian Declaration on
Nuclear Policy |
Brazil |
|
FOZ DO IGUAZU - 28 Nov 90 |
Agreement of Guadalajara-Mexico-18 Jul
91 |
Brazil |
|
Peaceful use of nuclear energy |
Commitment of Mendoza |
Brazil-Chile |
|
Banning chemical and biological weapons |
Safeguard Agreement-Austria-13 Dec 91 |
Brazil |
|
Submitting nuclear installations to the
OICA |
Convention to Prohibit Chemical Weapons |
Brazil-Chile |
|
Paris-13 Jan 93 |
/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ
MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB
"APPENDIX B"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
JOINT STAFF
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Exchanges among armed forces training
institutes |
Chile |
1993, ongoing |
Governed by a document of understanding
and meetings bylaws |
Office exercise for mutual support in
the event of disasters |
|
|
|
Technology developments of common
interest for the armed forces |
|
|
|
Exploration of new areas of mutual
confidence-building |
|
|
|
Meetings of consultation on security |
U.S. |
1981, ongoing |
No guideline document |
Proposed meetings for consultation among
armed forces general staffs |
Brazil |
|
|
Symposia on military topics of common
interest, for strategic purposes |
Chile
Brazil
Uruguay
Paraguay |
1987, ongoing |
|
Consultations on international security |
Canada |
June 22/23, 95 |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Defense Ministry
Joint
Armed Forces General Staff |
/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ
MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB
"APPENDIX C"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE ARMY
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
XII Military Conference,
Brazil-Argentina |
Brazil |
1 week |
|
Exchanges of visits of cadets and
officers |
Brazil |
1 week |
Visit to schools, commands and units |
Exchanges of students in war colleges of
both countries |
Brazil |
2 years |
Training course for staff officers |
Exchanges of visits of cadets and
officers |
Chile |
1 week |
Visits to schools, commands and units |
Military ski championship |
Chile |
10 days |
1995, in Argentina |
First meeting of general staffs
|
Chile |
1 week |
1995, in Chile |
Bilateral conference of general staffs
|
Bolivia |
1 week |
1995, in Argentina |
Officer instructors in the Command and
Staff School of the Army of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
1 year/ 2 years |
Two chief officers assigned to Bolivia |
Adviser of the Argentine Army on the
General Staff of the Army of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
2 years |
One chief as adviser on doctrine in
Bolivia |
Argentina military instructors in the
Army Engineering School of Bolivia |
Bolivia |
1 year |
Two chief officers specializing in
military engineering in Bolivia |
Training of Bolivian cadets in the
Argentine Military College |
Bolivia |
4 years |
Two Bolivian cadets in the Military
College of the Nation |
"APPENDIX C"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE ARMY
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Visits to commands and units |
Paraguay |
1 week |
Officers |
Exercises of friendly armies |
Brazil-Paraguay-Uruguay |
1 week |
1995, in Argentina |
Exchanges of personnel (commissioned and
noncommissioned officers and cadets) |
Peru |
1 week |
Visits to operational units and schools |
Meeting of general staffs |
Peru |
7 days |
First meeting, 1995 |
Exchanges of personnel-commissioned and
noncommissioned officers |
Ecuador |
1 week |
Visit to operational units |
Meeting of general staffs |
Ecuador |
7 days |
First meeting, 1995 |
Exchanges of personnel-commissioned and
noncommissioned officers |
Colombia |
1 week |
Visit to operational units |
Meeting of general staffs |
Colombia |
7 days |
First meeting, 1995 |
Exchanges of military experts |
U.S. |
7 days |
Development of operations simulators in
low and middle-sized mountains-military aviation |
IV International Competition for
Mountain Troops |
U.S.-Canada |
10 days |
1995, in Argentina |
United Forces Exercise (Peace Forces) |
Multinational |
10 days |
1995, in Argentina |
Familiarization visit |
U.S. |
7 days |
Training center in military peace
operations-staff officers |
"APPENDIX C"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE ARMY
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Exchanges of visits of students of
officer training institutes |
U.S. |
4/7 days |
Army War College-United States Military
Academy -West Point Military Academy |
Operations Conference |
U.S. |
7 days |
United Forces Planning Exercise (Panama) |
Exchanges of company chiefs and
commanders |
U.S. |
14 days |
Mechanized infantry company |
/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ
MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB
"APPENDIX D"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE NAVY
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Exchanges of technical information |
Venezuela |
Ongoing |
|
Meetings of chiefs of hydrographic
services |
Uruguay |
Situational |
Exchange and harmonize nautical
information |
Exchanges of technical personnel |
Uruguay |
Ongoing |
Courses-training-serve in units-visits |
CAMAS (Control of South Atlantic
Maritime Area) |
Brazil
Paraguay
Uruguay |
Ongoing |
With rotation of CAMAS among Argentina,
Uruguay and Brazil |
Operation ATLASUR |
Brazil
Uruguay
South
Africa |
Biennial |
The first operation was bilateral with
South Africa (1993); Brazil and Uruguay were included in the second
(1995) |
Trilateral war game |
U.S.-Canada |
Yearly |
General staff level. Annual rotation of
sites. |
Operation UNITAS (Argentina Phase) |
Navies of the hemisphere |
Annual |
Recent participants with units: Brazil,
Canada, U.S. and Uruguay |
Inter-American war game |
Navies of the hemisphere |
Annual |
At the war college level |
Inter-American Naval Conference |
Navies of the hemisphere |
Biennial |
At the Naval Chiefs level |
Specialized naval conferences |
Navies of the hemisphere |
Variable periodicity |
Communications-war
colleges-materiel-intelligence-science and technology-naval control
of maritime traffic-operations with helicopters |
"APPENDIX D"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE NAVY
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Meetings of naval committees |
U.S. |
Annual |
Surface, naval aviation and marines.
Alternating sites in each country. |
Exchanges of personnel |
U.S. |
Ongoing |
Courses-training-service in units-visits |
Exercise FLEETEX |
U.S. |
Annual |
Participation with units (1994) or
personnel (1995) |
Exercise IMARA-USMC |
U.S. |
Annual |
Training in coastal environments |
Exercise GHOST |
U.S. |
1993 |
AS training |
Exercise GRINGO-GAUCHO |
U.S. |
Situational |
Air-naval exercises during transit of
USN aircraft carriers |
Exchanges of personnel |
Mexico |
Ongoing |
Courses-visits |
Exchanges of personnel |
Dominican Republic |
Ongoing |
Personnel training |
Naval Mission |
Paraguay |
Ongoing |
Provide technical assistance and
instruction of personnel |
Exchanges of personnel |
Paraguay |
Ongoing |
Courses-personnel training-visits |
Exchanges of personnel |
Peru |
Ongoing |
Courses-training-membership in
units-visits |
Exchanges of technical information |
Peru |
Ongoing |
|
Exchanges of personnel |
Venezuela |
Ongoing |
Courses-training-visits |
"APPENDIX D"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE AIR FORCE
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Naval mission |
Bolivia |
Ongoing |
Provide technical assistance and
instruction to personnel |
Exchanges of personnel |
Bolivia |
Ongoing |
Courses-personnel training-visits |
Exchanges of personnel |
Brazil |
Ongoing |
Courses-training-service in units-visits |
Operation FRATERNO |
Brazil |
Annual |
Exercise alternating in jurisdictional
waters of the two countries |
Operation ARAEX |
Brazil |
Annual |
Naval air operations with aircraft
carriers |
Meetings between general staffs |
Chile |
Annual |
Alternating sites in each country |
Meetings of officials in the southern
area |
Chile |
Annual |
Alternating sites in each country |
Meetings of chiefs of hydrographic
services |
Chile |
Situational |
Exchange and reconciliation of nautical
information |
Exchanges of personnel |
Chile |
Situational |
Courses-visits |
SAR exercises and communications in the
southern area |
Chile |
Annual |
Instrument panel drill |
Exchanges of personnel |
Colombia |
Ongoing |
Courses-visits |
Exchanges of personnel |
Ecuador |
Ongoing |
Courses-personnel instruction-visits |
Strategic dialogue meetings |
U.S. |
biennial |
Meetings between general staffs.
Alternating sites in each country. |
"APPENDIX E"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE AIR FORCE
Measures |
Country |
Lenght |
Observations |
A chief adviser officer in the area war
school |
Peru |
2 years |
Since 1978 |
Air support school course-radar
controller course |
Peru |
15 days |
In Argentina |
Training helicopter pilots in antarctic
operations |
Peru |
3 months |
In Argentina |
Familiarization with antiaircraft
artillery procedures |
Peru |
15 days |
In Peru |
Exchanges of GOES/DOES operating
experiences |
Peru |
15 days |
In Peru |
Familiarization with MIRAGE 2000
Aircraft |
Peru |
15 days |
In Peru |
Familiarization with MI 25 Helicopters |
Peru |
15 days |
In Peru |
Visits of fourth-year cadets |
Uruguay |
3/4 days |
Since 1994 |
Visits to units with IA 58 Pucara
Aircraft |
Uruguay |
1 week |
Since 1988 |
Combined AA firing drills |
Uruguay |
1 week |
Since 1989 |
Combined exercises for in-flight
refueling |
Uruguay |
1 week |
Scheduled for 1995 |
SICOFAA participation |
Armed Forces of the Americas |
8-weeks |
Eight 1-week annual committees are held |
/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ
MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB
"APPENDIX E"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE AIR FORCE
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Spanish teacher at the Air Academy |
U.S. |
2 years |
Since 1974 |
Student in BASIC PERSONNEL COURSE |
U.S. |
3 years |
Since 1994 |
Student in INSTRUMENT FLYING COURSE |
U.S. |
3 months |
Since 1993 |
Exchanges of pilots |
U.S. |
3 years |
In Lackland, one Argentine instrument
flight instructor and one American pilot in the Fighter-Plane School |
Pilots and mechanics visiting air bases |
U.S. |
3 weeks |
Not held this year because of budget
problems: approx. 8 officers and 4 noncoms attend |
Training deployment U.S. C-130 aircraft |
U.S. |
1 week |
Two exercises-search and rescue-tactical
operations with airdrops of personnel and cargo |
Exchanges of cadet visits |
U.S. |
3/4 days |
Ongoing |
Communications course (senior personnel) |
Paraguay |
2 years |
In Argentina |
PREVAC course (senior personnel) |
Paraguay |
3 months |
In Argentina |
Pilot maintenance course (senior
personnel) |
Paraguay |
10 days |
In Argentina |
"APPENDIX E"
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
COUNTRY: ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE AIR FORCE
Measures |
Country |
Length |
Observations |
Exchanges of students of staff schools
|
Brazil |
1 year |
Since 1980 |
Units of fourth-year cadets of aviation
schools |
Brazil |
5 days |
Since 1994 |
Visit of TUCANO aircraft instructors |
Brazil |
5 days |
Since 1994, in Brazil |
Visits of C-130 aircraft crews |
Brazil |
7 days |
Since 1980 |
One chief advisory officer of the
general staff in the BAF Advanced School of Air Warfare |
Bolivia |
2 years |
Since 1980 |
BAF cadets studying at the Argentine
Military Aviation School |
Bolivia |
4 years |
Since 1980 |
Training in M-5 flight simulator |
Colombia |
10 days |
Since 1995 |
Visits of fourth-year cadets of the
military aviation schools |
Chile |
7 days |
Since 1994 |
Glider flight training in mountains |
Chile |
3 days |
Since 1994 |
Radar controller course |
Ecuador |
3 months |
In Argentina |
Exchanges of chiefs studying in war
colleges |
U.S. |
1 year |
Air war college and Escuela de Guerra
Aérea |
EMBASSY OF BOLIVIA
Chief of the Military Delegation of Bolivia to the IADB
Washington, D.C., June 20, 1995
Brigadier General Luis F. Ortega
Menaldo
Director of the IADB Staff
Washington, D.C.
Dear General:
I submit herewith the Inventory
of Confidence-Building Measures, along with the following documents:
-
Confidence-Building Measures
of a Military Nature, submitted at the Meeting of Government Experts, held
in Buenos Aires in 1994.
-
Confidence-Building Measures
between the Bolivian armed forces and Peru and Paraguay.
Please know that this letter
comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
/s/Major General Eduardo Galindo
Grandchand
Chief of the Delegation to the
IADB
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A
MILITARY NATURE,
SUBMITTED AT THE MEETING OF GOVERNMENT EXPERTS
HELD IN BUENOS AIRES IN 1994
A. CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TROOPS AND ARMY DEPLOYMENT
-
Advance notification
of maneuvers that their own units or those of third countries
undertake within a certain distance from coasts and borders.
-
Advance notification
of identification, planned route, and purpose of military units that
are expected to be within a certain distance.
-
Radio contract
between border forces, through periodic communications, in order to
coordinate activities undertaken by all organs at the border, thus
obviating the possibility of tension through misunderstanding.
-
Meetings of naval and
air officers to deal with navigation issues.
-
Invitations to armed
forces of neighboring countries to send observers to maneuvers and
troop exercises carried out in areas near the respective borders.
B. CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION
-
Measures to reinforce
mechanisms for information on and cooperation in search and rescue
operations.
-
Periodic meetings
between general staffs of armed forces.
-
Exchanges of
information on military budgets.
-
Exchanges of
information on production and acquisitions of new equipment and
weapons.
-
Exchanges of
information on military doctrine and organization.
-
More active
participation in the United Nations register of conventional arms
and the instrument for the standard international presentation of
reports on military expenditures.
C. CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF PERSONNEL
Visits and exchanges
of personnel of military units.
D. CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO COMMUNICATIONS.
Direct and frequent
communication between commands so as to ensure exchanges of
information that will provide proper knowledge of each other's
military activities.
E. CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO CONTACTS.
-
Normal security
procedures during operations of naval and air units in accordance
with international agreements currently in force.
-
Exchanges of
experiences in
- the organization
and structure of defense ministries and armed forces
- peace operations
- the analysis of
concrete problems of mutual interest
F. CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION.
-
Exchanges of military
personnel of different ranks in diverse areas, such as
- survival training
- training courses in
confidence- and security-building measures
- general staff
training courses of higher ranks
- military basic and
advanced military training and instruction courses
- exchanges of basic
information on confidence- and security-building measures
- exchanges of
cadets, students and advisors
-
Meetings between
military academies.
-
Plans for visits to
and exchanges with commands and units of the different armed forces.
-
Exchanges of military
personnel specializing in personnel, intelligence, operations,
logistics, civilian affairs, information processing, and others that
may be of interest.
-
Combined training
operations between armed forces.
-
Participation of
commissioned and noncommissioned officers in athletic and cultural
activities held by the armed forces of other countries.
APPENDIX I
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(FORMAT)
BILATERAL
SUBREGIONAL/
HEMISPHERIC
COUNTRY: BOLIVIA
WITH ARGENTINA - BRAZIL - PERU - ECUADOR - UNITED STATES - VENEZUELA
MEASURES |
BETWEEN (SIGNATORY
COUNTRIES) |
LENGTH
START
END |
OBSERVATIONS |
ICIA Exchange |
Bolivia-Argentina |
Ongoing |
|
|
Academic exchange |
Bolivia-Argentina |
Ongoing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICIA Exchange |
Bolivia-Brazil |
Ongoing |
|
|
Academic exchange |
Bolivia-Brazil |
Ongoing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICIA Exchange |
Bolivia-Paraguay |
1995 |
|
|
Academic Exchange |
Bolivia-Paraguay |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICIA Exchange |
Bolivia-Peru |
Ongoing |
|
|
Academic Exchange |
Bolivia-Peru |
Ongoing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Academic Exchange |
Bolivia-Ecuador |
Ongoing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICIA Exchange |
Bolivia-U.S. |
Ongoing |
|
|
Academic Exchange |
Bolivia-U.S. |
Ongoing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Academic Exchange |
Bolivia-Venezuela |
Ongoing |
|
|
/s/EDUARDO GALINGO G.
DIVISIÓN GENERAL
HEAD OF DELEGATION OF BOLIVIA
TO THE IADB
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL
From: Chief of the Delegation of
Brazil to the IADB
To: His Excellency, the Director
of the General Staff of the IADB
Subject: Confidence-Building
Measures
Reference: Memorandum: D-95/154
of 18 May 1995 from this General Staff
Enclosed: Inventory of
confidence-building measures of a military nature.
Based on the referenced document,
I submit to Your Excellency this appendix, with four lists, concerning the
confidence-building measures implemented by the Brazilian armed forces.
/s/PAULO CESAR DE PAIVA BASTOS
Rear Admiral
Chief of the Delegation of Brazil
to the IADB
APPENDIX A
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
Information on the
Armed Forces General Staff
MEASURES |
COUNTRY |
LENGTH |
OBSERVATIONS |
Participation in the Symposium of
Strategic Studies of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and of Defense |
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and
Uruguay |
1 week |
In 1995, VIII Symposium in Santiago,
Chile, 26-30 June 1995.
Annual |
Attendance at the annual meeting of
consultations of Joint Chiefs of Staff |
Brazil and U.S. |
TBD |
In 1996, XVI Meeting in the U.S. |
Attendance and coordination of the
mission of military observers of guarantor countries of the 1942 Rio
de Janeiro Protocol, in Ecuador and Peru |
Argentina,
Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and U.S. |
11 Mar to 11 Sept 95 |
As a result of recent ECUADOR and PERU
conflict |
Participation in the UN Convention on
Prohibition and limitations on the Use of Conventional Weapons
Considered Excessively Harmful or Generating Indiscriminate Effects
|
Various |
|
|
Attendance at the Brazil-Venezuela
Regional Meeting on military exchanges |
Brazil and Venezuela |
|
|
Participation of the army in the
regional meetings between the Military Command of the Amazon
(Brazil) and the Unified Command of the South (Colombia) |
Brazil and Colombia |
|
Periodic |
Participation in the UN Register of
conventional weapons |
Various |
|
|
Participation in various UN peace
missions |
Various |
|
|
Participation in various international
agencies |
Various |
|
OAS, IADB |
Signatory of international treaties |
Various |
|
Tlatelolco, TCA |
APPENDIX B
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(Format)
Bilateral
Subregional (1)
Hemispheric Subsidies
Information provided by the Navy
Country: Brazil
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
Offers of courses and practical training
in the BN for all South American countries |
Brazil and other Latin American
countries |
Variable |
Countries that have taken advantage of
this offer: Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname, Peru
and Guatemala in various courses and practical training. |
Exchanges of professional military
education (advanced military courses RGN/NOC) |
Brazil and U.S. |
|
Ongoing, started in 1989. One
officer-student/country. |
Exchanges in graduate course instructors
(EX/Annapolis) |
Brazil and U.S. |
Every 2 years |
Ongoing, started in 1978 |
Exchanges of liaison officer |
Brazil and U.S. |
Every 2 years (BN) and every year (USN) |
Ongoing, since 1978 |
Exchanges in the logistics and materiel
area |
Brazil and U.S. |
Every 2 years (BN) and every year (USN) |
Ongoing, since 1984 |
Exchanges of amphibious force officers |
Brazil and U.S |
Every 2 years (BN) and every year (USN) |
Ongoing, since 1980 |
Exchanges of cadets (in Annapolis) |
Brazil and U.S. |
6 to 8 weeks |
Ongoing, started in 1980 |
Shiprider exchanges for officers |
Brazil and Argentina |
Variable |
Started in 1994. Includes various
cruises on ships of the BN/ARN |
Exchanges in senior military studies
courses |
Brazil and Argentina |
|
Protocol signed in 1988, effective in
1994 |
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
OCONTRAM course |
Brazil and Argentina |
2 Weeks |
Both countries conduct courses in this
area, with various countries attending |
Visits to naval training facilities |
Brazil and Argentina |
2 Weeks |
Exchanges between the two countries.
Started this year with the visit of BN officers to Argentina |
Practical training in mine warfare |
Brazil and Uruguay |
3 Weeks |
Conducted in the Mine Sweeping Force in
Salvador, with the participation of one officer |
Training in the Marines group, in
Ladário |
Brazil and Uruguay |
4 Weeks |
Familiarization with coastal operations
conducted in the region, with the participation of one officer |
Operation UNITAS |
Countries of the Americas |
Annual |
Other countries may sometimes be invited |
Operation FRATERNO |
Brazil and Argentina |
Annual |
Alternating in the jurisdictional waters
of the two countries |
Operation ATLASUR |
Brazil, Argentina and South Africa |
Biennial |
1995-participation of the Brazilian Navy |
Operation PASSEX |
Brazil/friendly navies |
|
At the request of friendly navies,
conducted when passing through Brazilian |
IAWG-(Inter-American War Game) |
Countries of the Americas |
Annual |
Representatives of the Naval War
Academies/Schools Attend |
IANC (**) Inter-American Naval
Conference |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
|
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
CNIE of Chiefs of Naval Communications |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
|
Operational network of regional
cooperation of Latin American maritime officials |
South America/ Mexico/Panama |
To be determined (***) |
|
CNIE - Science and technology |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
To be held in Colombia |
Combined forces exercise |
Brazil and U.S. |
5/18 to 5/24 |
Marines exercise |
Exercise Export Gold |
Brazil and U.S. and others |
6/5 to 6/15 |
Maritime traffic control |
Exercise OCAMAS |
Brazil and Uruguay and others |
10/16 to 10/27 |
Maritime traffic control |
CNIE-IAW and HOSTAC |
Inter-America |
1/3 to 2/2 |
Helicopter operations |
Waterways/Paraguay/Paraná |
Brazil
Bolivia
Uruguay
Argentina
Paraguay |
Annual |
|
International Maritime Organization
(IMO) |
151 countries |
Annual |
World merchant ship navigation |
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (ICO) |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
Hydrographic subjects |
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
CNIE of Directors of Naval War Colleges |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
|
CNIE of Directors of Materiel Logistics |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
|
CNIE of Intelligence |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
|
CNIE of Naval Control of Maritime
Traffic |
Countries of the Americas |
Biennial |
|
IANC-INTER-AMERICAN NAVAL
CONFERENCE
SIANC-SPECIALIZED INTER-AMERICAN NAVAL CONFERENCE
TBD = To be determined
/s/HEMENEGILDO ANDREIUOLO
Officer in charge of Naval War Division
ADDENDUM
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
Qualification of Pilots on board "Minas
Gerais" NAel |
Brazil and Argentina |
1993 and 1994 |
|
/s/JOSE EUSTAQUIO DA SILVA FILHO
Navy Captain (FN)
Deputy Chief of Logistics
IADB
APPENDIX C
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
Bilateral
Subregional
(1) Hemispheric Subsidies
Information provided by the Army
Country: BRAZIL
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
Visits to UN (command and control) |
Brazil/U.S. |
6 Feb 95 9 Feb 95 |
|
ABAE-SER Seminary |
Brazil/ Argentina |
3 Mar 95 4 Mar 95 |
|
Instruction on mines and traps for
CO-BRAVEM |
Brazil, U.S. |
15 Mar 95 17 Mar 95 |
|
Peacekeeping Operation |
Brazil/England |
2 Apr 95 3 Apr 95 |
|
Seminar on Peace Force |
Brazil/
Argentina |
3 Apr 95 8 Apr 95 |
|
Peacekeeping Operation |
Brazil/England |
26 Apr 95 27 Apr 95 |
|
Exchanges of specialists' assistance
|
Brazil/U.S. |
17 Apr 95 21 Apr 95 |
|
Aircraft visits/ light operations |
Brazil/Panama |
3 May 95 5 May 95 |
|
Conference on the Peace Force exercise
for 1995 |
Brazil/ Argentina |
2 May 95 4 May 95 |
|
Seminar on confidence-building measures |
Brazil/U.S., Chile, Argentina |
22 May 95 26 May 95 |
|
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
Seminar on Western Hemisphere Peace
Force |
Brazil/U.S. |
22 May 95 25 May 95 |
|
Visits to Light Infantry Military
Organization |
Brazil/U.S. |
|
Regular length |
12th exchanges of doctrine |
Brazil/U.S. |
18 Jul 95 21 Jul 95 |
|
International Conference on Doctrine |
Brazil/U.S. |
21 Jul 95 24 Jul 95 |
|
Symposium on Military Aircraft Flight
Safety |
Brazil/U.S. |
27 Jul 95 28 Jul 95 |
|
Peace Force Exercise |
Brazil/Argentina |
20 Aug 95 1 Sept 95 |
|
Exchanges of specialists assistance |
Brazil/U.S. |
|
Sept 95 |
Preparatory meeting |
Brazil |
|
Nov 95 |
Offer and acceptance of vacancies in
courses and practical training |
Brazil and various countries |
|
|
APPENDIX D
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(Format)
Bilateral
Subregional
(Hemispheric Subsidies)
Information provided by the Air Force
Country: Brazil
Measures |
Among Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start-End |
Observations |
CONJEFAMER (2) |
All countries of the Americas |
21 May 95 27 May 95 |
Annual |
Committee to Prevent Air Accidents
(SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
14 Nov 95 21 Nov 95 |
Annual |
Committee on Search and Rescue and
Mutual Support in Disasters (SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
16 Oct 95 20 Oct 95 |
Annual |
Committee for Mutual Logistics Support
(SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
16 Oct 95 20 Oct 95 |
Annual |
Committee on Medicine of the American
Air Forces (SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
28 Aug 95 01 Sep 95 |
Annual |
Meteorology Committee of the American
Air Forces (SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
11 Sep 95 15 Sep 95 |
Annual |
Committee on Telecommunications Systems
and Informatics (SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
30 Oct 95 03 Nov 95 |
Annual |
Committee on Illegal Flights (SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
02 Oct 95 06 Oct 95 |
Annual |
Training Committee (SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
23 Oct 95 27 Oct 95 |
Annual |
Science and Technology Committee
(SICOFAA) |
All countries of the Americas |
27 Nov 95 01 Dec 95 |
Annual |
Exchanges of operators and technicians
of the telecommunications system (SICOFAA) |
All signatory countries of SICOFAA (3) |
09 Jul 95 17 Jul 95 |
Annual |
Exchanges with MIRAGE III pilots and D
Br and PANTERA |
Chile |
July 95 Aug 95 |
28 days |
Exchanges of patrol pilots |
Chile |
TBD TBD |
|
Exchanges of F-5 pilots |
Chile |
Aug 95 Sep 95 |
24 days |
Exchanges of T-27 pilots |
Peru |
TBD TBD |
|
Exchanges of F-5 pilots |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Exchanges to update pilots and air
defense controllers |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Exchanges of helicopter pilots |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Exchanges in the area of war simulation |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
24 days |
Exchanges of flight instructors |
Argentina |
TBD TBD |
|
Cultural exchanges of cadets |
Argentina
Chile
U.S.
Uruguay |
TBD TBD |
After Sept 95 |
Training in F-103 simulator |
Chile |
TBD TBD |
Annual |
Training in C-130 aircraft simulator |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
Annual |
Training in R-35A aircraft simulator |
U.S. |
TBD July |
|
Training in AT-26 aircraft simulator |
Paraguay |
TBD TBD |
Annual |
Training T-27 aircraft simulator |
Argentina and Paraguay |
TBD TBD |
Annual |
Operational training of C-130 aircraft
crews (for operation in the Antarctic) and survival exercise in the
ice |
Chile |
Sept 95 Oct 95 |
14 days |
Initial qualification of C-130 aircraft
copilots |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Electronic warfare operations/staff
officer course |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Imagery Intelligence Officer Course |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Air intelligence officer course |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Precision photo course |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Defense sensor interpretation and
application training course |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Imagery productive course |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
General Staff course |
Argentina
Venezuela
U.S. |
Mar Dec |
Biennial |
Offer of vacancies in various BAF
courses (list of courses in appendix) |
Argentina
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela |
TBD TBD |
Annual |
Flight physiology course |
Paraguay and Uruguay |
TBD TBD |
Annual |
Operation TIGER II |
U.S. |
15 Oct 95 30 Oct 95 |
Exercise in fighter plane units of the
BAF and USAF (ANG) |
Operation UNITAS IIIVI |
U.S., Argentina
Uruguay |
24 Apr 95 28 Apr 95 |
Annual exercise between armed forces
(Army and Navy) |
Operation ARAEX |
Uruguay
Argentina |
1 Oct 95 20 Oct 95 |
Annual exercise between armed forces
(Army and Navy) |
RODEO 95 Competition |
U.S. |
TBD TBD |
|
Multilateral accord on over-flights and
landings |
All signatory countries of SICOFAA |
Ongoing |
Signed at CONJEFAMER VII May 67 |
Advance planning meeting of CONJEFAMER |
All countries of the Americas |
12 Feb 95 16 Feb 95 |
Annual |
MOMEP |
U.S.
Argentina
Chile |
Feb 95 TBD |
Peace Mission of military observers in
the area of conflict ECUADOR/PERU
|
(1) Where appropriate
(2) CONJEFAMER: Conference of the
chiefs of the American air forces
(3) SICOFAA: System of
Cooperation among American Air Forces
(4) TBD: To be determined
(5) BAF - Brazilian Air Force
(6) BN-Brazilian Navy
CURRENT COURSES IN THE BRAZILIAN
AIR FORCE
01- Flight Safety Course (CFB)
02- Technical refresher course in
fire fighting and rescue (CATCIS)
03- Maintenance inspector course
(CIMAN)
04- Supply and maintenance
management course (CASM)
05- Centralized course for fire
fighting and rescue officers (CEOCIS)
06- Hospital administration
course (CAHOFE)
07- General staff and high
command course (CEM/CSC)
08- Air officers training course
(CFOAV)
09- Advanced training course for
officers (CAP)
10- Specialized course in air
space medicine (CEMAE)
11- Sergeants training course
(CFS)
12- Instructors training course
(CPI)
13- SAR Auxiliary coordination
course (OP-06)
14- Radar operation course in
terminal area (OP-17)
15- In flight radar operation
course (OP-18)
16- SAR coordinator course
(OP-111)
17- AIS organs supervision course
(CG-24)
20- ATC organs supervision course
(CG-25)
21- Basic ILS course (CB-09)
22- Basic radar maintenance
course (CB-14)
23- Supply inspector course
(CINS)
24- War materiel inspector course
(CIMBE)
Embassy of Chile Military Attache
SUBJECT: Report on request for
bilateral agreements:
REF: 1) Session No. 1064
2) Memorandum D-95/154 of 18 May
1995
FROM: CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF
CHILE TO THE IADB.
TO: DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE
INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD
-
As you know, in Session
No. 1064 of the Inter-American Defense Board, the Chiefs of Delegation
were asked to submit an inventory of confidence-building measures of a
military nature, a subject that was expanded upon later in Memorandum
D-95/154.
-
The Chief of the
Delegation of Chile has consulted the commands of the armed forces
institutions on this matter, and they have indicated that because these
measures are contained in bilateral agreements, details on them cannot
be given out, because they are confidential information of the
signatories of the agreements.
Yours truly,
/s/Ricardo Izurrieta Caffarena
Brigadier General
Chief of the Delegation of Chile
to the IADB
Distribution:
1. Director of Staff IADB.
2. Naval Mission.
3. Air Mission.
4. File
EMBASSY OF COLOMBIA
To: Major General John C.
Ellerson, CHAIRMAN OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD
I am submitting herewith to the
Chairman of the Inter-American Defense Board information on the
confidence-building measures of the Colombian military forces.
/s/ General LUIS HUMBERTO CORREA
CASTAÑEDA
Defense Attache and Chief of Delegation of Colombia to the IADB
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE
CONTINENTAL LEVEL
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
American Army Conferences (CEA) |
American Armies |
Annual |
Integration and cooperation |
|
American Air Forces Conferences
(CONJEFAMER) |
American Air Forces |
Annual |
Integration and cooperation |
|
American Naval Conferences |
American Navies |
Annual |
Integration and cooperation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-ARGENTINA
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
Bilateral intelligence and general staff
conferences |
Colombia-Argentina |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
|
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-BRAZIL
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
Bilateral conferences |
Colombia-Brazil |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
Directors of army intelligence |
Regional meetings |
Colombia-Brazil |
Biennial |
Exchanges of information |
CUS Colombia and Amazon Military
Command-Brazil |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-BOLIVIA
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
Bilateral conference |
Colombia-Bolivia |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
The first conference will be held this
year in La Paz |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-CHILE
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
Bilateral conference |
Colombia-Chile |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
|
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-ECUADOR
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
Ministerial meeting |
Colombia, Ecuador |
Annual |
Integration and cooperation |
Has not been held |
National border commission (CONBIFRON) |
Colombia, Ecuador |
Annual |
Border security |
Has not been held |
Bilateral conference |
Colombia, Ecuador |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
Has not been held |
Regional meetings |
Colombia, Ecuador |
Quarterly |
Border security |
Major border units |
Local meetings |
Colombia, Ecuador |
Quarterly |
Border security |
Tactical border units |
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-PANAMA
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
Ministerial meeting |
Colombia-Panama |
Annual |
Share experiences on border crimes |
|
Regional meetings |
Colombia-Panama |
Quarterly |
Exchanges of information |
Border units |
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-PERU
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Purpose |
Observations |
High Command roundtables |
Colombia-Peru |
Annual |
Generate confidence measures |
|
Bilateral conferences |
Colombia-Peru |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
Army intelligence commands |
Bilateral conferences |
Colombia-Peru |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
Air Force intelligence commands |
Regional meetings |
Colombia-Peru |
Quarterly |
Exchanges of information |
CUS Colombia and Fifth Military
Region-Peru |
Working group |
Colombia-Peru |
Biennial |
Preparation roundtables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL,
SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES
AT THE REGIONAL
LEVEL
COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Subject |
Observations |
Ministerial meetings |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Every 6 months |
Integration and cooperation |
|
Binational Border Commission (COMBIFRON) |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Ongoing |
Border security |
Has not been held |
Army commanders |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Biennial |
Integration and cooperation |
|
Air Force commanders |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Biennial |
Integration and cooperation |
Has not been held |
Navy commanders |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Biennial |
Integration and cooperation |
Has not been held |
Bilateral intelligence conferences |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Annual |
Exchanges of information |
Has not been held |
Measures
Conference-Meetings-Contacts |
Among
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length
Start
End |
Subject |
Observations |
Regional meetings |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Quarterly |
Border security |
Commanders Army, Navy and Air Force
units at division level |
Local meetings |
Colombia-Venezuela |
Quarterly |
Border security |
Tactical units of Army, Navy and Air
Force |
|
|
|
|
|
PERMANENT DELEGATION OF ECUADOR
Sir:
Regarding your memorandum
D-95/154 of 18 May 1995, I am submitting to you the Inventory of
Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature drawn up by the Military
Delegation of Ecuador.
Please know that this letter
comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
Yours truly,
/s/Patricio López
Brigadier General
Chief of the Delegation of Ecuador
to the IADB
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(FORMAT)
BILATERAL
SUBREGIONAL(1)
HEMISPHERIC
Country: Ecuador
Measures |
Between
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length |
Observations |
A. BILATERAL |
|
|
|
Bilateral intelligence meetings |
Colombia, Peru |
|
Held
in each country |
Exchanges of cadets and officers |
Colombia |
|
Various courses are held |
Joint or coordinated operations to
combat narco-guerillas |
Colombia |
|
Held when the situation warrants |
Use of security card on the border |
Peru |
|
|
Development of binational border air
transport |
Colombia |
|
Weekly |
Border conventions on fishing and
treatment of crews |
Ecuador, Peru, Colombia |
|
|
B. SUBREGIONAL |
|
|
|
- Exchanges of instructor officers in
military academies and schools |
Chile,
Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia |
|
|
- Conferences and meetings of commanding
generals of the armies |
All countries of South America |
|
|
Measures |
Between
(Signatory
Countries) |
Length |
Observations |
Joint/combined naval operations |
Ecuador, USA, Colombia |
|
|
SAR operations |
Ecuador, USA, Colombia |
|
|
Courses and seminars |
Chile, Colombia, USA, Brazil, Venezuela |
|
|
Shiprider exchanges of officers
|
USA, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador |
|
|
Academic courses |
Chile |
|
|
C. HEMISPHERIC |
|
|
|
Meeting of defense ministers |
All countries in the hemisphere |
|
United
States initiative |
Courses and exchanges of instructors |
USA |
|
In all courses |
Joint operations employing air power |
USA |
|
|
Academic courses |
|
|
|
(1) Where appropriate
TO: BRIGADIER GENERAL LUIS
FRANCISCO ORTEGA MENALDO
ARMY OF GUATEMALA, DIRECTOR OF
THE STAFF OF THE IADB
FROM: LIEUTENANT COLONEL ALVARO
ANTONIO PALOMO
CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF EL
SALVADOR TO THE IADB
DATE: 26 JUNE 1995
SUBJECT: SUBMITTAL OF LIST OF
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
In response to your request in a
memorandum dated June 20 of this year, I respectfully submit for the appropriate
purposes a list of Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature, drafted in
the required format.
GOD, UNION, LIBERTY
/s/LIEUTENANT COLONEL
ALVARO ANTONIO PALOMO
CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF
EL SALVADOR TO THE IADB
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
1. Follow-up on the meeting of defense
ministers |
All countries in the hemisphere |
1st 25-26 Jul 95
2nd/3rd Annually |
USA initiative
Initiative of any American State.
Military strategic focus. |
2. Meetings of army, air force and naval
commanders |
All countries in the hemisphere |
Every year |
Military focus |
3. More participation and support by the
IADB and the IADC |
All countries in the hemisphere |
Every year |
Mainly civilians participating in the
IADC, who have impact on OAS posts |
4. Mine clearance operations |
IADB and Central American countries |
Situational |
Since this is an operation of a
different sort, depending on need |
5. More participation and support for
the School of the Americas |
USA and interested countries |
Every year |
Exchanges of experiences |
6. Combined exercises |
USA and Central American countries |
July 7-12 |
Naval exercise on the coasts of the Gulf
of Fonseca |
7. Exchanges of students (officers and
men) |
Mainly neighboring countries |
Ongoing |
Participation in courses such as command
and staff. Special forces, etc. |
8. Improve system for communications and
coordination between commands |
Inter-American countries |
Ongoing |
Continuing coordination between
ministers of the region and armed forces commanders, etc. |
9. Military balance of power |
Neighboring countries |
Ongoing |
No excessive arms buildup |
10. Meeting of regional defense
ministers |
Central American countries |
Every year |
Strategic military focus |
11. Meetings of regional armed forces
commanders |
Central American countries |
Every year |
Regional military focus |
12.More cooperation and reactivation of
CONDECA |
Central American countries |
Ongoing |
Central American Defense Council |
13. More control and advance
coordination of troop movements and border area exercises |
Neighboring countries in the hemisphere |
Ongoing |
Improve coordination |
14. More exchanges of information |
Neighboring countries in the hemisphere |
Ongoing |
|
15. More exchanges of bibliography |
All countries in the hemisphere |
Ongoing |
Military journals, etc. |
MILITARY CONFIDENCE-BUILDING
MEASURES OF THE ARMY OF GUATEMALA
I. Military Defense Agreements:
A. Agreements on the fight
against drug trafficking
1. First meeting, Tegucigalpa
(1991).
AGREEMENTS:
a. Establish an office of
interregional police coordination.
b. Establish information
mechanisms and join forces in the fight against drug trafficking.
2. Second meeting, Panama
(1992).
AGREEMENTS:
a. Organize the exchanges
of information of mutual interest through the Office of Interregional
Police Coordination.
3. Third meeting, Managua
(1993).
AGREEMENTS:
a. Establish a regional
technical commission for dealing with drug trafficking, composed of drug
enforcement chiefs.
b. Improve mechanisms for
controlling registry of aircraft, ships and land transport to prevent
trafficking in drugs and arms in the region.
c. Recommend to the
regional commissions that our respective countries implement mechanisms
for exchanges and coordination among them.
d. Urge the
communications media in Central America and Panama not to evaluate drug
seizures in monetary terms, in view of the damage that might have been
caused to our young people and society as a whole.
e. Colombia will be
invited (preferably the head of the drug enforcement campaign), to
participate in the fourth meeting of chiefs of police in Central America
and Panama.
4. Fourth meeting, San
Salvador (1994).
AGREEMENTS:
a. Approve the
information document of the Eleventh Regional Conference Against Drug
Trafficking (IDEC XII).
b. Through the
commissions against drug trafficking, and similar agencies in each
country, urge the legislative assemblies or national congresses to
appoint a national commission.
c. That chiefs of police
made arrangements with their respective governments, in countries that
have not yet done so, to set up the Joint Information Center (JICC).
d. That the fight against
drugs should go beyond being a mere exchanges of information to joint
actions through bilateral operations.
B. Agreements in the fight
against theft of vehicles:
1. First meeting, Tegucigalpa
(1991)
AGREEMENTS:
a. Establish an office of
interregional police coordination.
2. Second meeting, Panama
(1992)
AGREEMENTS:
a. Organize exchanges of
information of mutual interest through the Office of Interregional
Police Coordination.
3. Third meeting, Managua
(1993).
a. Conduct a comparative
study of legislation in force in each country.
b. Review and unify the
mechanisms for monitoring and control of vehicles.
c. Improve the system of
surveillance of vehicular transit, at blind spots on the borders.
d. Enhance the
capabilities of specialized police personnel.
e. Design and establish
an automated system for registry and control of vehicles.
f. Establish information
exchange on theft of vehicles.
g. Recommend that the
national police of Panama establish a single registry of vehicles.
h. Review the present use
being made of various serial numbers and determine the need to
standardize their use as a means of seizing stolen vehicles.
i. Invite the public
security department of Costa Rica to attend the next meeting of the
Regional Chiefs of Transit.
4. Fourth meeting, San
Salvador (1994)
AGREEMENTS:
a. Promote collaboration
and coordination in each country among the entities responsible for
investigating and bringing criminal proceedings in cases of vehicle
theft.
b. Establish a national
information network including police institutions, insurance companies
and other governmental and nongovernmental agencies involved in this
field.
c. Work together with
entities responsible for promulgating and enforcing laws in each
country, to update penal, customs and property laws in connection with
illegal trafficking in vehicles.
d. Promote cooperation
and broad assistance immediately from each police organ to their
counterparts in the area.
II. COMMISSION ON ARMS
LIMITATIONS:
1. Proposals on prevention of
trafficking in arms:
A. Exchanges of
information on bands, groups or elements engaged in arms trafficking in
their respective countries.
B. Establish Central
American circulated lists of firearms and the mechanisms for continuous
updating of the lists.
C. Strengthen mechanisms
for control of customs, borders and blind spots to prevent trafficking
in firearms and munitions.
D. Draft proposed laws
providing for severe penalties for traffickers in firearms and munitions
and regulate the kinds of weapons to be imported.
E. Exchange experiences
on plans for disarming civilians.
F. Organize exchanges of
information on intermediaries dealing in firearms and munitions.
G. Establish lists and
inventories of firearms imported into the countries by firearms dealers
in those countries.
III. COOPERATION AGREEMENTS:
Recommendations for an agreement
on citizen security.
A. Promote modernization
of laws on public security.
B. Define regional
priorities for preventing criminal activities and establish a common
strategy for dealing with crime.
C. Promote modernization
and professionalization of public security structures in the region.
D. Train public security
personnel and seek to acquire the necessary technical resources to deal
with criminal activities, trafficking in firearms, explosives, chemical
explosives and toxic substances.
E. Conduct the technical
studies needed for governments to comply with international law on the
number of police (one police officer for every 1,000 persons).
IV. EXCHANGES OF STUDENTS AND
INSTRUCTORS:
A. Exchanges of
instructors with the United States of America.
B. Exchanges of cadets of
the Polytechnical School with West Point, USA.
C. Exchanges of
instructors for courses given at the Center for Military Studies.
V. BILATERAL OR MULTILATERAL
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS:
New model for regional security:
There are three frames of
reference for regional security that define this new approach to Central
American Security.
A. The Declaration of
Central America as a region of peace, liberty, democracy and
development.
B. The Protocol of
Tegucigalpa.
C. The Alliance for
Sustainable Development.
EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF
HONDURAS
MESSAGE:
1. I am remitting herewith Note
No. C.J.FF.AA. No. 832-95 from the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of
Honduras, in response to your note D-95-154.
2. Please know that this message
comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
ARMED FORCES OF HONDURAS
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF
CJFFAA NOTE NO. 832-85
DEFENSE ATTACHE OF HONDURAS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
COLONEL, INFANTRY STAFF
RAMON ROSA IZAGUIRRE
1. Under instructions of the
Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, I am responding to your fax
CEJ-033-AHW-995 dated 11 May 1995 whereby you request the COMPLETE SYSTEMATIC
INVENTORY OF THE CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE THAT ARE
BEING IMPLEMENTED AT THE BILATERAL, REGIONAL AND HEMISPHERIC LEVEL. It is
considered that such a document should first of all reflect a Central American
regional understanding, so it is considered that a response to this request
should be given at another time in a comprehensive manner because it must take
into consideration the views of our neighbors.
It is very important to note that
on June 29 a joint press release was made public in the Central American
Parliament (PARLACEN) on this topic, under the responsibility of the Ministers
of Defense and Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces of Guatemala, El Salvador
and Honduras.
2. Please know that this letter
comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
LOYALTY HONOR SACRIFICE
/s/ Colonel, Artillery Staff
Alberto Cabrera Rodriguez
Aide de Camp
of the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
EHO = 1031
DELEGATION OF MEXICO
Subject: Submission of
Information on Confidence- Building Measures of a Military Nature
Brigadier General
LUIS FRANCISCO ORTEGA MENALDO
DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE IADB
Enclosed are eight charts
containing the information requested regarding the Confidence-Building Measures
of a Military Nature, now being implemented by Mexico in the bilateral,
subregional and hemispheric areas.
I hereby renew the assurances of
my consideration and esteem.
/s/ Chief of Delegation
Gabriel Rafael Garcia Aguillar
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE IN THE HEMISPHERE
COUNTRY: MEXICO
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
MEXICO is a member of the Inter-American
Defense Board (IADB) |
Member countries of the Board |
30 Mar 42 |
Relating to exchanges of personnel and
information. |
Pursuant to UN Resolutions 49/75C
"Transparency in the arms field" and 40/91B "Reduction of military
budgets", Mexico provides that information to the UN. |
Countries of the hemisphere; members of
the UN |
1994 |
Relating to exchanges of information
whereby such information is made known to the countries of the
hemisphere through the OAS |
Mexico ratified the Inter-American
Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR) |
Signatory countries of the treaty |
23 Nov 48 |
Relating to peaceful settlement of
disputes |
Mexico ratified the American Treaty of
Peaceful Settlement (Pact of Bogota) |
Signatory countries of the treaty |
23 Nov 48 |
Idem |
|
|
|
|
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE AT THE SUBREGIONAL LEVEL
COUNTRY: MEXICO
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Mexico is party to the Treaty banning
Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of
Tlatelolco) |
Member countries of that Organization |
20 Sept 67 |
Measures relating to nuclear matters |
|
|
|
|
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE AT THE BILATERAL LEVEL
COUNTRY: MEXICO
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Joint Mexico-United States Defense
Commission (CMEUDC) |
United States |
27 Feb 42 |
Measures relating to exchanges of
personnel and information |
Board of Border Commanders |
United States |
1988 |
Measures relating to exchanges of
information |
|
|
|
|
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Military attaches to the Embassies of
Mexico, established in countries of the hemisphere |
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
United
States
Guatemala
Honduras
Venezuela
Brazil
El
Salvador
Nicaragua
Paraguay
Canada
Peru
Cuba
Belize |
1971 1973
1993
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1972
1972
1972
1972
1973
1973
1978
1990 |
Measures relating to exchanges of
personnel and information |
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Military attaches to the Embassies of
the countries of the hemisphere, established in Mexico |
Chile
United
States
El
Salvador
Guatemala
Colombia
Honduras
Venezuela
Brazil
Cuba
Canada |
1971 1973
1993
1967
1969
1970
1971
1972
1972
1973
1976
1991 |
Measures relating to exchanges of
personnel and information |
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Military students of countries of the
hemisphere to which Mexico gives courses |
Belize
Brazil
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Costa
Rica
Ecuador
El
Salvador
United
States
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Peru
Dominican Republic |
Variable dates
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem |
Measures relating to exchanges of
personnel, training and education |
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Countries of the hemisphere that offer
courses for military students from Mexico |
United States
Guatemala
El
Salvador
Chile
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Peru |
Variable dates
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem
Idem |
Measures relating to exchanges of
personnel, training and education |
Mexico maintains exchange of military
instructors with |
United States
Chile |
Variable dates
Idem |
Measures relating to exchanges of
personnel, training and education |
MILITARY FORCES COMMAND PARAGUAY
JOINT STAFF
III DEPARTMENT of the Republic of
Paraguay to the IADB-USA
Staff Colonel Guillermo Escobar
Cariña
Washington, D.C.
I have the honor to address the
Defense Attache and Chief of Delegation to the IADB-USA to acknowledge receipt
of Fax No. 77/95, dated 23 June 1995, informing of and remitting the memorandum
of the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB), reiterating a previous request made
by Fax No. EP71/95 of 13 June of this year.
In response to the above, I
attach the appendix (Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature).
/s/Mario Vázquez Ramos
Staff-Chief III Department,
Joint Chiefs of Staff
DEFENSE ATTACHE
EMBASSY OF PARAGUAY
Attention: Brigadier General Army
of Guatemala
Luis F. Ortega Menaldo
SUBJECT: 1) Report. 2) Remit one
(1) fax received from Paraguay
FROM: Colonel, Staff: G. Escobar
F. Defense Attache-Chief
Delegation of Paraguay
REMARKS:
I have the honor to inform you of
and remit one fax D-3 No. 66 of today's date, received by my country, referring
to "Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature."
The fax received is a reply to
the reiterated request by the Inter-American Defense Board Staff Note D-95/177
dated 20 June 1995, for the purpose of your information, consideration and
appropriate purposes.
Please know that this message
comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
Yours truly,
/s/Guillermo Escobar Pariña
Colonel, Staff
Defense Attache and
Chief of Delegation of Paraguay
to the IADB
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
SUBREGIONAL
HEMISPHERIC
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Movement of troops |
Paraguay and US
Paraguay-Argentina
Argentina-Uruguay
Paraguay-Brazil and the Southern Command
Paraguay and Argentina
Paraguay and US |
5 Apr 8 Apr 95
8 May
12 May 95
15 Aug
1 Sep 95
6 Sep
9 Sep 95
12 Sep
19 Sep 95 |
Conf Unitas XXXVI
Planning meeting SIRENA IX
Unit
Forces 95 in Buenos Aires
Combined operation SIRENA IX
Rio
Paraguay area
Combined operation UNITAS XXXVI |
Exchange of personnel |
Paraguayan cadets to West Point |
30 Jul 7 Aug 95 |
Exchanges cadets of military academies |
Communications |
US and Paraguay |
13 Aug 95 17 Aug 95 |
Conference on communications in Panama |
Contacts |
Paraguay and US
Argentina, Paraguay, US, Brazil, Uruguay |
1 Aug 11 Aug 95
27 Aug
95 29 Aug 95 |
Exchange visits of US & Paraguayan air
forces
Official visit to the United Forces exercise in OS AS |
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start
End |
Observations |
Training and Education |
Paraguay and US
Paraguay and US
Paraguay and US
Paraguay and US
Paraguay and US
Argentina and Paraguay
Paraguay, Chile
Paraguay and UN |
23 Jan 27 Jan 95
1 Apr
9 Apr 95
8 Mar
6 Apr 95
1 May
20 Jun 95
19 Jun
20 Jun 95
25 Jun
30 Jun 95
25 Jun
30 Jun 95
27 Jun
30 Jun 95 |
Civilian emergency seminar III
Department (CMC)
Short
and long term military planning seminar
Training of joint special forces (with presidential GDIA)
Training of joint special forces (with presidential GDIA)
Seminar "Solution of problems of civic-military action" in the ECEME
Seminar "Role of the armed forces in MERCOSUR"
Symposium on strategic studies of the joint defense general staff in
Chile
Exchanges of legal experts |
/s/Mario Vásquez Ramos
Chief III Department Joint
General Staff
DELEGATION OF PERU TO THE IADB
FROM: Chief of the Delegation of
Peru to the IADB:
TO: Brigadier General PAF James
R. Harding, Chairman of the IADB
SUBJECT: Confidence-Building
Measures of a Military Nature
REFERENCE: a. Memorandum EM-JID,
of 18 May 95 and b. Memorandum D-95/177 of 20 June 95
In relation to the reference
documents I am pleased to remit herewith the list of Mutual Confidence-Building
Measures of a Military Nature that the High Commands of the Peruvian armed
forces are applying in the roundtables being held every year with their
counterparts of Bolivia, Colombia and Chile.
Please know that this
communication comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
/s/Jose Cabrejos Samame
Brigadier General Peruvian Army
Chief of the Delegation of Peru
to the IADB
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES THAT
ARE BEING APPLIED IN TALKS BETWEEN THE SENIOR COMMANDERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF
PERU AND THEIR COUNTERPARTS FROM BOLIVIA, COLOMBIA, AND CHILE
-
Combined military
exercises. (o)
-
Bilateral talks on
intelligence.
-
Exchange of military
personnel in courses, instruction cruises, historical events, and
other professional activities.
-
Meetings on protocol,
professional, and intelligence matters between commanders of border
garrisons and naval zones.
-
Reciprocal
invitations to cultural, artistic, professional, and sporting
events.
-
Exchange of journals
and publications of interest to the armed forces.
-
Facilities to spur
tourism by military personnel of both countries.
-
Technical and
logistical cooperation.
(o) With the Chilean
armed forces, only combined naval exercises.
UNITED STATES DELEGATION
INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD
MEMORANDUM FOR DIRECTOR OF THE
STAFF
INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD
Subject: List of Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures
-
As requested,* the United
States Delegation submits its list of confidence- and security-building
measures of a military nature.
-
Please receive my highest
personal esteem.
/s/M. J. Byron
Major General, USMC
Chief, U.S. Delegation
Inter-American Defense Board
ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF
POSSIBLE CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
OF A MILITARY NATURE
At its 1994 General Assembly
session, the Organization of American States (OAS) passed resolution AG/RES.
1288 which called upon member states to disseminate comprehensive and systematic
inventories of their confidence- and security-building measures (CSBMs) used in
this hemisphere. For structure of a format, the resolution cited the
"Illustrative List of Possible CSBMs" in the region. The Meeting of Experts
convened in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in March 1994, and developed a list which
was divided into the four categories of political, diplomatic, educational and
cultural, and military measures. In June 1995, the OAS General Assembly asked
the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) to complete a list of CSBMs of a
military nature too.
As part of the U.S. Government's
participation in the first-time reporting by OAS member states of such measures,
the Department of Defense has prepared the following list of military measures.
The structure is based upon the section of the Illustrative List titled "IV. of
a Military Nature." The DoD intends to provide this information to the U.S. Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency for inclusion in the fuller USG report. That
report is to be provided to the OAS in time for Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures Conference being hosted by Chile in November 1995.
A. Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures Relating to Troops and Army Development
1. Advance notification of
maneuvers that their own units or those of third countries undertake within a
certain distance from coasts and borders.
Ongoing:
$ The U.S. Department of Defense provides
public affairs announcements of significant military exercises and
deployments by units training in and around Latin America and the
Caribbean.
Periodic:
$ Same as above.
2. Advance notification of
identification, planned route, and purpose of military units that are expected
to be within a certain distance.
Ongoing:
$ Situational.
Periodic:
$ No input at this time.
3. Radio contact between border
forces, through periodic communications, in order to coordinate activities
undertaken by all organs at the border, thus obviating the possibility of
tension through misunderstanding.
Ongoing:
$
Situational.
Periodic:
$ Radio and computer links between U.S.
Naval Base Guantanamo Bay and Cuban defense forces.
4. Meetings of naval and air
officials to deal with navigation issues.
Ongoing:
$ Inter-American Naval Conferences of the
Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) and its specialized supporting
conferences. The primary conferences include: Directors of Naval War
Colleges and War Games, Helicopter Operations from Ships other than
Aircraft Carriers, Naval Control of Maritime Traffic, Operations of
Coastline and River Patrols and Traffic of Narcotics and Arms, and
Directors of Communications, Science and Technology.
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces (SICOFFA) and its Permanent Secretariat and nine functional
committees. The primary committees include: Accident Prevention, Control
of Illegal Flights, Information Systems- Telecommunications, Search and
rescue, and Training.
Periodic:
$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC),
hosted biennially by U.S. Navy, and attended by seventeen hemispheric
states at 1994 session.
$ International Seapower Symposium (ISS),
hosted biennially by U.S. Navy, and attended by 70 states worldwide,
including eighteen hemispheric states.
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces (SICOFFA) and its annual Conference of the Chiefs of the American
Air Forces (CONJEFAMER), attended by its eighteen member hemispheric
states.
5. Invitations to armed forces of
neighboring countries to send observers to maneuvers and troop exercises carried
out in areas near the respective borders.
Ongoing:
$ DoD has extended invitations to observe
exercises in Puerto Rico and at bases in the United States on an
"as-occurring" opportunity basis. In addition, and with the concurrence
of host governments, invitations to attend exercises in other countries
are extended for observers from third countries.
Periodic:
$ No input at this time.
B. Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures Relating to Exchanges of Information
1. Measures to reinforce
mechanisms for information on and cooperation in search and rescue operations.
Ongoing:
$ Situational.
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces (SICOFFA) and its functional committee on Search and Rescue.
Periodic:
$ No input at this time.
2. Periodic meetings between
general staffs of armed forces.
Ongoing:
$ Situational.
$ Navy Staff Talks among Argentina, Canada
and U.S.
$ Standing Naval Committee between Argentina
and U.S. (Atlantic Fleet).
Periodic:
$ Argentina-U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff
Consultations, conducted annually.
$ Brazil-U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff
Consultations, conducted annually.
$ Chile-U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff
Consultations, conducted annually.
$ Joint Mexican-United States Defense
Commission (JMUSDC), between Mexico and U.S.
$ Caribbean Island Nations Security
Conference (CINSEC), conducted annually among Antigua and Barbuda, The
Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti,
Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and U.S. Canada attends as an observer.
$ Permanent Joint board of Defense (PJBD)
and the Military Cooperation Committee (MCC), between Canada and U.S.
$ Armed Forces Council-Joint Chiefs of Staff
(AFC-JCS) Meeting, between Canada and U.S.
3. Exchanges of information on
military budgets.
Ongoing:
$ No input at this time.
Periodic:
$ Secretary of Defense's "Annual Report to
the President and the Congress" is made available annually in February
to the public, interested governments, and other parties. This
tranaparency measure dates to the mid-1960s. It is provided within the
hemisphere as a U.S. "white paper" as opportunities arise during
bilateral and multilateral working level meetings. Copies will be
delivered to all national delegations attending the Defense Ministerial
of the Americas, July 1995.
4. Exchanges of information on
production and acquisitions of new equipment and weapons.
Ongoing:
$ Counterpart visits by and office calls on
senior and mid-level civilian and military DoD officials, including
Unified Commanders.
Periodic:
$ Secretary of Defense's Annual Report to
the President and the Congress" is made available annually in February
to the public, interested governments, and other parties. This
tranaparency measure dates to the mid-1960s. It is provided within the
hemisphere as a U.S. "white paper" as opportunities arise during
bilateral and multilateral working level meetings. Copies will be
delivered to all national delegations attending the Defense Ministerial
of the Americas, July 1995.
5. Exchanges of information of
military doctrine and organization.
Ongoing:
$ Counterpart visits by and office calls on
senior and mid-level civilian and military DoD officials, including
Unified Commanders.
$ U.S. Delegation to the Inter-American
Defense Board (IADB).
$ Inter-American Defense College (IADC).
$ Navy Trilateral Wargame among Argentina,
Canada and U.S.
Periodic:
$ Secretary of Defense's Annual Report to
the President and the Congress" is made available annually in February
to the public, interested governments, and other parties. This
transparency measure dates to the mid-1960s. It is provided within the
hemisphere as a U.S. "white paper" as opportunities arise during
bilateral and multilateral working level meetings. Copies will be
delivered to all national delegations attending the Defense Ministerial
of the Americas, July 1995.
$ Conference of the American Armies (CAA)
and its seven specialized conferences/symposia, specifically the
Training and Military Education Conference.
$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) and
its seven specialized conferences.
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces and its nine functional committees.
$ Caribbean Islands Nations Security
Conference (CINSEC).
$ International Seapower Symposium (ISS).
6. More active participation in
the United Nations registry of conventional arms and the instrument for the
standard international presentation of reports on military expenditures.
Ongoing:
$ No input at this time.
Periodic:
$ United Nations Conventional Arms Register
submission is made annually to report on imports and exports of
conventional arms in accordance with the sevel specified categories of
conventional arms. This report has been made since the inception of such
U.N. reporting in the 1970s.
$ United Nations Standardized Reporting of
Military Expenditures is made annual to report on the general
expenditure categories a basis of U.S. military departments. This report
has been made since the system was established in the 1980s.
C. Confidence-and
Security-Building Measures relating to Exchanges of Personnel
1. Visits and exchanges of
personnel of military unit.
Ongoing:
$ Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs)
are short visits by 3-4 experts of a U.S. Military Service who exchange
information with counterparts of another nation on a mutually agreed
area.
$ Personnel Exchange Program (PEP) is a
reciprocal exchange of personnel between a U.S. Military Service and a
similar unit of another nation's Military Service.
Periodic:
$ Situational in conjunction with the
smaller-sized U.S. military deployments for training and the relatively
larger Joint/Combined Exercises sponsored by the U.S. Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff, which involve varying combinations of U.S. active,
Reserve and National Guard personnel.
D. Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures Relating to Communications
1. Direct and frequent
communication between commands so as to ensure exchanges of information that
will provide proper knowledge of each other's military activities.
Ongoing:
$ Situational by U.S. Unified Commands and
their subordinate commands and elements.
$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) and
its seven Specialized Inter-American Naval Conferences, particularly the
Inter-American Telecommunications Network (IATN).
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces (SICOFFA) and its Permanent Secretariat and nine functional
committees, particularly Information Systems- Telecommunications, and
common high frequency communications system.
Periodic:
$ Conference of the American Armies (CAA),
annual sessions.
$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC),
biennial sessions.
$ International Seapower Symposium (ISS),
biennial sessions.
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces (SICOFFA) and its annual Conference of the Chiefs of the American
Air Forces (CONJEFAMER).
E. Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures Relating to Contacts
1. Normal security procedures
during operations of naval and air units in accordance with international
agreements currently in force.
Ongoing:
$ Situational.
Periodic:
$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC)
biennial sessions.
$ International Seapower Symposium (INS)
biennial sessions.
$ System of Cooperation Among American Air
Forces (SICOFFA) and its annual Conference of the Chiefs of the American
Air Forces (CONJEFAMER).
Exchanges of experiences in:
$ the organization and structure of
defense ministries and armed forces
$ peace operations
$ the analysis of concrete problems of
mutual interest
Ongoing:
$ Situational, including counterpart visits
by and office calls on senior and mid-level civilian and military DoD
officials, including Unified Commanders.
Periodic:
$ Defense Ministerial of the Americas, Jul6
1995.
$ Annual Argentina-U.S. Bilateral Working
Group, alternating host country and site.
$ Brazil-U.S. Army Staff Talks, normally
held annually.
$ Peacekeeping Round Table hosted by U.S.
Army War College involving Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay,
and U.S.
F. Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures Relating to Training and Education
1. Exchanges of military
personnel of different ranks in diverse areas, such as:
$ survival training
$ training courses in confidence- and
security-building measures
$ general staff training courses of
higher ranks
$ military basic and advanced military
training and instruction courses
$ exchanges of basic information on
confidence- and security-building measures
$ exchanges of cadets, students and
advisors
Ongoing:
$ Programs dedicated to hemispheric training
and education include:
$$ Inter-American Defense College
(IADC), Washington, D.C.
$$ U.S. Army School of the Americas,
Ft. Benning, Georgia.
$$ Inter-American Air Forces Academy
(IAAFA), Lacklaaand AFB, Texas.
$ U.S. Navy Small Craft Instruction and
Technical Training School (NAVSCIATTS), Rodman Naval Station, Panama.
$ General U.S. training and education
programs also are provided under:
$$ U.S. International Military
Education and Training (IMET) Program which funds the more
traditional IMET training courses and the post-Cold War
"Expanded-IMET" training for students of a number of countries
in U.S. military schools which are located throughout the U.S.
$$ U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
Training Program funded by national funds of second party
countries wishing to attend U.S. military schools which are
located throughout the U.S.
Periodic:
$ No input at this time.
2. Meetings between military
academies.
Ongoing:
$ Situational, by visits exchanges.
Periodic:
$ Annual attendance at the U.S. Military
Academy, U.S. Naval Academy, and U.S. Air Force Academy is encouraged
through invitations extended by the U.S. to all interested hemispheric
states. Those states nominate students to compete for entrance based
upon their individual qualifications.
$ U.S. Service Academy Exchange Programs by
each of the three Service Academies are conducted annually. Each U.S.
academy sends an instructor and several students to a country for a
week's visit and cadets/midshipmen from that host country visit the
sponsoring U.S. Service Academy.
3. Plans for visits to and
exchanges with commands and units of the different armed forces.
Ongoing:
$ Conducted in conjunction with frequent
small unit U.S. military deployments for training, ship rider exchanges
with U.S. Navy, and the more regularly organized U.S. Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff, sponsored Joint/Combined Exercise Program (implemented
by the U.S. Unified Commands). These programs offer opportunities for
U.S. active, Reserve, and National Guard units to interact with
counterparts in various countries throughout the hemisphere.
Periodic:
$ Situational.
4. Exchanges of military
personnel specializing in personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics,
civilian affairs, information processing, and others that may be of interest.
Ongoing:
$ Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs)
are short visits by 3-4 experts of a U.S. Military Service who exchange
information with counterparts of another nation on a mutually agreed
area.
$ Personnel Exchange Program (PEP) is a
reciprocal exchange of personnel between a U.S. Military Service and a
similar unit of another nation's Military Service.
Periodic:
$ Situational.
5. Combined training operations
between armed forces.
Ongoing:
$ Situational.
$ Passing Exercises (PASSEXs) between naval
units as they come into proximity while transiting international waters.
Periodic:
$ USSOUTHCOM conducts, annually,
approximately 13 combined exercises with different nations of Central
and South America.
$ USACOM conducts, annually, approximately
three major exercises with the same participating nations. One naval
exercise, in 36th year, is conducted with South American in conjunction
with USSOUTHCOM, and two with Caribbean states.
6. Participation of commissioned
and noncommissioned officers in athletic and cultural activities held by the
armed forces of other countries.
Ongoing:
$ Conducted as time permits in conjunction
with combined exercises, deployments for training, ship visits, and
aircraft visits.
Periodic:
$ No input at this time.
7. Interest of considering the
possibility and advisability of a subsequent study of aspects of the
verification of confidence-building measures.
Ongoing:
$ DoD is participating in conjunction with
the U.S. Delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) in
efforts by the IADB to pursue such measures. The Inter-American Defense
College (IADC) might support such efforts through individual student and
institutional research.
$ Theme of "Transparency and Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures" was proposed by the U.S. for discussion at
the Defense Ministerial of the Americas and counterpart governments
concurred.
Periodic:
$ No input at this time.
URUGUAYAN DELEGATION
Chairman
Inter-American Defense Board
Brigadier General John C. Ellerson
Washington, D.C.
Enclosed is the information
received from the National Defense Ministry of Uruguay on Mutual
Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature, of the three armed forces.
Yours truly,
/s/Dínor Ramírez
Chief of the Delegation of Uruguay
to the IADB
Brigadier General (AV)
Minister of National Defense
Sir:
Pursuant to the note dated 1 June
1995, I attach herewith a photocopy of the information provided to me by the
Commanders in Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, regarding Mutual
Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature.
Know that this letter comes with
the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.
/s/Raúl Iturria
Minister of National Defense
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
TRAINING AND EDUCATION
COUNTRY: ORIENTAL
REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
CSO.Polytechnic Military Engineering |
Chile |
Dec. 93/
June
98 |
In Chile |
CSO Stability of Propellants of
Munitions of A. |
Chile |
2 May 95/
4 Jun
95 |
In Chile |
CSO Advanced Officers Training |
Brazil |
Feb 95/
Feb 96 |
In Brazil |
CSO Training Techniques |
Brazil |
Mar 95/
Mar 96 |
In Brazil |
CSO Physical Education Instructor |
Brazil |
Feb 95/
Feb 96 |
In Brazil |
CSO General Staff |
USA |
Jan 95/
Jan 96 |
In USA |
Instructor invited to School of the
Americas |
USA |
Jan 95/
Jan 97 |
In USA |
CSO Advanced Tanks |
USA |
Mar 95/
Oct 95 |
In USA |
CSO Basic Tanks |
USA |
June 95/
Nov 95 |
In USA |
Exchanges of Cadets |
Chile |
10 Sept 95/
20
Sept 95 |
In Chile |
Exchanges of Cadets |
Argentina |
20 Oct 95/
8 Oct
95 |
In Argentina |
Exchanges of Cadets |
Brazil |
1 Jun 95/
7 Jun
95 |
In Brazil |
Exchanges of Cadets |
USA |
29 Jul 95/
8 Aug
95 |
In USA |
Communications Conference in Peace
Operations |
USA |
13 Aug 95/
17 Aug
95 |
In Panama |
General Staff Course |
Argentina |
Mar 95/
Mar 96 |
In Uruguay |
General Staff Course |
Brazil |
Mar 95/
Mar 96 |
In Uruguay |
General Staff Course |
USA |
Mar 95/
Mar 96 |
In Uruguay |
Exchanges of Cadets |
Argentina |
1 Aug 95/
7 Aug
95 |
In Uruguay |
Exchanges of Cadets |
Brazil |
9 May 95/
15 May
95 |
In Uruguay |
Exchanges of Cadets |
Chile |
1 Sept 95/
11
Sept 95 |
In Uruguay |
Exchanges of Cadets |
USA |
15 Mar 95/
26 Mar
95 |
In Uruguay |
Exchanges of Experts in Instruction and
Training |
USA |
10 May 95/
12 May
95 |
In Uruguay |
Joint Light Infantry Exercise |
USA |
15 Jul 95/
16 Aug
95 |
In Uruguay |
Exchanges of Legal Experts in
International Law |
USA |
17 Apr 95/
21 Apr
95 |
In Uruguay |
Visit Delegation Inter-American Defense
College |
USA |
13 Mar |
In Uruguay |
Civic Military Seminar "Civilian matters
in peace missions" |
USA |
17 Jun 95/
29 Jun
95 |
In Uruguay |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
EXCHANGES OF PERSONNEL
COUNTRY: ORIENTAL
REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
Visit jungle operations training center
|
USA |
6 Jun 95/
15 Jun
95 |
In Panama |
Visit units of A |
USA |
27 Aug 95/
3 Sept
95 |
In USA |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
TRAINING AND EDUCATION
COUNTRY: ORIENTAL
REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
Science and technology and health
conference |
CEA |
2 Apr 95/
7 Apr
95 |
Training and education in Argentina |
Planning meeting exercise peace force 95 |
USA
Argentina |
1 May 95/
4 May
95 |
In Argentina |
Exercise peace force 95 |
USA
Argentina |
21 Aug 95/
31 Aug
95 |
In Argentina |
Conference on Civilian affairs of
American Armies |
CEA |
9 May 95/
13 May
95 |
In Guatemala |
Conference on Logistics of American
Armies |
CEA |
31 Jul 94/
5 Aug
94 |
In Brazil |
Symposium of directors of war academies |
CEA |
18 Oct 94/
21 Oct
94 |
In Chile |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
EDUCATION
COUNTRY: ORIENTAL
REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
Specialized communications conference |
CEA |
13 May 95/
21 May
95 |
In Chile |
CEA |
CEA |
6 Nov 95/
10 Nov
95 |
In Argentina |
Exercise RETIFAA No. 1/95 |
CEA |
Feb 95 |
Liaison by networks |
Exercise RETIFAA No. 2/95 |
CEA |
Aug 95 |
Liaison by networks |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION
COUNTRY: ORIENTAL
REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
American armies Intelligence conference
|
CEA |
6 Nov 95/
10 Nov
95 |
In Argentina |
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
CONTACTS
COUNTRY: ORIENTAL
REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
Peace Operations Symposium |
OAS-UNESCO |
1 Apr 95/
6 Apr
95 |
In USA |
OPM Conference of the Western Hemisphere |
USA |
21 May 95/
30 May
95 |
In USA |
APPENDIX 1
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(FORMAT)
BILATERAL
COUNTRY: URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
Integration sensitive technology |
Argentina |
1991 |
Representative of the Navy in Bariloche |
Operation SALVEX |
Brazil |
|
|
Operation TENDEREZ |
Brazil |
|
|
Operation CIMARRON |
Argentina |
1970 |
|
Operation AMIGOS |
Brazil |
1983 |
|
Treaty on Limits of Rio de la Plata |
Argentina |
1973 |
|
Pan American Congress of Naval Engineers |
Peru |
6/10/95/
6/17/95 |
|
Officers in General Staff Course in
Uruguay |
Chile |
|
|
Fleet Visit. Notice of AI Instruction
Uruguay |
Brazil |
|
|
Visit of Ships of Fifth District |
Brazil |
Annual |
|
Attendance of Senior Officers Operation
AYACUCHO |
Peru |
12/5/64
12/8/64 |
General staff |
Sample naval materiel in Viña del Mar
Naval Air base |
Chile |
5/2/95
5/6/95 |
|
Sample Naval Materiel of US Navy |
United States |
4/22/95
4/29/95 |
|
Quality Control Course on Medical Radio
Diagnosis |
Brazil |
4/17/95
6/17/95 |
|
Foreign students graduating from the
naval school in Uruguay |
Bolivia |
1982/
1986 |
|
APPENDIX 1
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(FORMAT)
SUBREGIONAL
COUNTRY: URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
OTAS-Operation Atlasur |
Brazil
Argentina
South Africa |
4/30/95
6/22/95 |
|
COMAN-Instruction and training flights
for senior and subordinate personnel |
Chile-Brazil
Argentina |
2/5/61 |
|
Flight training of G/M graduates from
the naval school |
Chile
Brazil
Argentina |
Annual |
|
Travel for training on sailing school
ship "Capitán Miranda" D G/M foreigners |
Paraguay-Brazil
Argentina-Chile |
|
|
APPENDIX 1
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
(FORMAT)
HEMISPHERIC
COUNTRY: URUGUAY
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
UNITAS |
|
1960 Annual |
In its various stages |
CNI and CNIE |
|
1959 Biennial |
|
Maritime traffic control exercises
(COAMAS ESPORGOL-Oceanic) |
|
Annual |
|
Courses for officers of
ESMAY-FUSNA-COMAN-GRUBU-SOHMA-EMINT |
|
Annual |
|
War games |
|
Annual |
|
Visit of foreign training ships |
|
Annual |
|
Operation America |
|
1987/
1987 |
Tactical operations [illegible] |
Ministry of
National Defense
From: Minister of
National Defense Dr. Juan Luis Storace
To: Chief of
Delegation to the IADB and Adviser to the OAS Brigadier General (AV) Dinor
Ramirez
In order to
process correctly the information that was requested of us by Note dated 10 June
1995, I submit to you a photocopy of the data provided by the Commander in Chief
of the Air Force regarding Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature.
Please replace the four last pages accompanying our note No. 105/95 dated 20
July submitted to you, with the documentation attached herewith.
Yours truly,
/s/Dr. Juan Luis
Storace
Acting Minister
of National Defense
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
EXCHANGES OF PERSONNEL
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
Planning KOMBI 95 |
USA |
5/13/95/
5/23/95 |
|
Visit USAF |
USA |
Aug/Aug |
|
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
XXXV Preplan |
USA |
2/11/95
2/19/95 |
|
Training Committee |
Chile |
10/23/95
10/27/95 |
|
PREVAC Committee |
Venezuela |
11/14/95
11/21/95 |
|
SAR-APCADE Committee |
Canada |
8/9/95
8/16/95 |
|
ALM Committee |
Colombia |
10/16/95
10/20/95 |
|
COVI Committee |
USA |
10/2/95
10/6/95 |
|
CIMFA Committee |
Brazil |
9/11/95
9/15/95 |
|
COCITAE Committee |
Chile |
11/27/95
12/1/95 |
|
LAT Logistics Seminar |
USA |
4/30/95
5/10/95 |
|
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
COMMUNICATIONS
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
SITFAA Committees |
Argentina |
10/30/95
11/3/95 |
|
MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE
BILATERAL
CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
RELATING TO
TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Measures |
Among
Signatory
Countries |
Length
Start/End |
Observations |
EMA Training Cruise |
Chile |
Nov/
Nov |
Chile |
PC-7 Simulator |
Chile |
7/16/95
9/15/95 |
Chile |
COND.Air Support |
Argentina |
6/4/95
6/17/95 |
Argentina |
CSO General Staff |
Chile |
1/11/95
12/22/95 |
Chile |
Pilot instruction, flight instruction |
USA |
10/23/95
12/14/95 |
USA |
SIM.EMB.110 |
Brazil |
7/9/95
7/15/95 |
Brazil |
General Staff and Air Command |
USA |
6/20/95
6/26/95 |
USA |
Guest training. |
USA |
7/3/95
7/20/96 |
USA |
DLI/SAM F |
USA |
2/28/95
8/13/95 |
USA |
Radar Op. |
Brazil |
9/11/95
10/26/95 |
Brazil |
Flight physiology |
Brazil |
11/20/95
11/24/95 |
Brazil |
INT.Cadets |
Brazil |
6/29/95
7/13/95 |
Brazil |
MEETING OF EXPERTS ON CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES IN THE REGION
March 15-18, 1994
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
OEA/Ser.K/XXIX
SEGRE/doc.42/94 rev. 1
28 March 1994
Original: Spanish |
REPORT OF THE
RAPPORTEUR OF THE MEETING OF EXPERTS
ON CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
IN THE REGION
RAPPORTEUR'S
REPORT
I. INTRODUCTION
Through
Resolution AG/RES.1237(XXIII-0/93), the General Assembly resolved to conduct on
a date following the Twenty-Fourth Regular Session a meeting of experts on
Confidence-Building Measures and Security Mechanisms in the Region and to
instruct the Permanent Council to prepare, through the Special Committee on
Hemispheric Security, the agenda and guidelines for conducting that meeting. It
also decided to request the Permanent Council to report to the twenty-fourth
regular session on compliance with this resolution.
Pursuant to the
foregoing, the Meeting of Experts was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, March
15-18, 1994.
This document
constitutes the report on the Meeting of Experts on Confidence- and
Security-Building Measures in the Region, convoked pursuant to Resolution
AG/RES.1237(XXIII-0/93).
II. INSTALLATION
AND OFFICERS OF THE MEETING
The Provisional
Chairman of the Meeting of Experts, Guido Di Tella, Minister of Foreign Affairs,
International Trade and Worship of Argentina, opened the meeting on the morning
of March 15.
The meeting then
proceeded to hold a preparatory session chaired by Ambassador Hernán Patiño
Mayer, Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, in which
decisions were made on the officers of the meeting, the draft agenda, and the
draft schedule, for submission to the plenary session for its consideration.
At the plenary
session, Ambassador Rogelio Pfirter, Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs of
Argentina, was elected chairman of the meeting.
In addition, the
following representatives were elected as vice chairman:
-- First Vice
Chairman - Ambassador David Peel, Chief of the Delegation of Canada
-- Second
Vice Chairman - Ambassador Albert Lewis, Chief of the Delegation of Antigua
and Barbuda
-- Third Vice
Chairman - Mr. Jorge Burgos, Chief of the Delegation of Chile
-- Fourth
Vice Chairman - Mr. Norman Wulf, Chief of the Delegation of the United
States of America
-- Fifth Vice
Chairman - Ambassador Hugo Palma, Chief of the Delegation of Peru
Four working
committees were set up, with instructions to study the five items of the agenda
that was adopted at the plenary session (SEGRE/doc.2/94).
The plenary
decided that the five officers elected as vice chairmen would serve as chairmen
of the five working committees established, respectively.
Secretary Paulo
Cordeiro de Andrade Pinto, of the Delegation of Brazil, was elected rapporteur.
At that same
session, the draft agenda (SEGRE/doc.2/94) and draft schedule of the meeting
(SEGRE/doc.15/94 rev.1) were approved.
III. TOPICS
ASSIGNED TO THE WORKING COMMITTEES
The plenary
decided to assign study of the five agenda items to the following working
committees.
Working
Committee I: Measures for strengthening and enhancing confidence: their
significance and purpose.
Working
Committee II: List and analysis of measures that might help to strengthen
and broaden mutual confidence in the region: military measures/other
measures/measures for prevention, managing and peaceful settlement of
disputes.
Working
Committee III: Favorable political context for implementing measures to
strengthen and broaden confidence in the region.
Working
Committee IV: OAS and hemisphere security: Analysis and perspectives/mutual
confidence measures/ cooperation with the United Nations on this topic.
Working
Committee V: Recent developments in confidence building measures at the
United Nations.
IV. PROCEEDINGS
A. Working
Committee I
The Chairman of
Working Committee I, Ambassador David Peel, Chief of the Delegation of Canada,
opened the committee.
During discussion
of the topic under consideration, the delegations of Brazil, Venezuela, Canada,
Argentina, Peru, El Salvador, Mexico, Colombia, United States, Ecuador, Uruguay,
Bolivia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Chile, as well as the observer from the
Republic of Germany made statements on the subject.
At the session,
documents classified SEGRE/doc.19, 22, 23, 26 and 27/94, submitted by the
delegations of the United States, Canada, Argentina, Peru, and the
representative of the observer from the German Republic, respectively, were
distributed.
On adjourning the
Working Committee, the Chairman summarized the discussions in it, which are
attached as Appendix I to this report.
B. Working
Committee II
Working Committee
II was opened its Chairman, Ambassador Albert Lewis, Chief of the Delegation of
Antigua and Barbuda.
Ambassador Hernán
Patiño Mayer, Representative of Argentina and Chairman of the Special Committee
on Hemispheric Security of the OAS Permanent Council, introduced the topic. In
his statement, he stressed that the particular characteristics of the American
hemisphere, especially the dedication to understanding and peaceful relations
among the countries in the area, provide the opportunity to try to draft,
without automatically extrapolating foreign models, a regional list of
confidence-building measures.
He also observed
that, to that end and in order to organize the presentations, three categories
of such measures have been identified, namely: 1. Military measures; 2. Other
measures; and 3. Measures for prevention, management and peaceful settlement of
disputes.
The Committee
heard statements from the delegations of Peru, United States, Brazil, Argentina,
Canada, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay,
and from the observers from Spain and France. At the session, documents
classified SEGRE/doc. 19 add.1, 22 and 29, 30 and 31, submitted by the
delegations of the United States, Canada, Argentina, Bolivia and Colombia, were
distributed.
As a result of
the various comments made during the meeting on the topic assigned to the
Committee, it was decided to set up a working group, open to participation by
all delegations, with instructions to draw up an illustrative list of measures
of possible applications for promoting confidence and security.
The Chairman of
the working group, General Antonio Fichera, of Argentina, submitted a draft list
to the committee. The Chairman of the committee said that the list drafted
represents the results of its work carried out in considering the second agenda
item.
Based on an
exchange of opinions on the list submitted, the committee adopted the list,
which is attached as Appendix II to this report, for submission to the plenary
for consideration.
The commission
stated that it was desirable to include in the list a chapter on economic
measures, and considered that the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security
would continue the study of those measures.
C. Working
Committee III
Working Committee
III was chaired by the Assistant Secretary of War of the Ministry of National
Defense and Chief of the Delegation of Chile, Mr. Jorge Burgos.
Ambassador Hernán
Patiño Mayer, Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security,
introduced the topic, stressing that, based on the agreements reached at the
preparatory meeting sessions, the topic was organized based on three items on
the agenda, that is: analysis and perspectives, mutual confidence-building
measures, and cooperation with the United Nations on this subject.
Taking part in
the committee's discussions were the delegations of the United States,
Argentina, Chile, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador,
Venezuela and Mexico. Documents classified SEGRE/doc.19 add. 2 and 24 were
distributed.
On adjoining the
committee, the Chairman gave a summary of the discussions, which is attached as
Appendix III to this report.
D. Working
Committee IV
Working Committee
IV was chaired by Mr. Norman Wulf, Assistant Director for Nonproliferation and
Regional Control of Arms, of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
On opening the
session, the Chairman of the committee, in his capacity as delegate of the
United States, gave a detailed statement on his delegation's viewpoints
regarding the topic.
Thereupon ,
Ambassador Hernán Patiño Mayer, in his capacity as Chairman of the Special
Committee on Hemispheric Security, made an introductory statement on the topic
assigned by the plenary to the fourth committee.
In discussing the
topic under consideration, the following delegations took the floor: Antigua and
Barbuda, Jamaica, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Canada, and
Ecuador. Also, the Chairman of the Special Committee took part in the
discussion.
Documents
classified SEGRE/doc.19 add. 3, and 25 were distributed.
On adjourning the
committee, the Chairman gave a summary of its discussions, which is attached as
Appendix IV to this report.
E. Working
Committee V
Working Committee
V was chaired by Ambassador Hugo Palma, Chief of the Delegation of Peru.
Ambassador Hernán
Patiño Mayer, Representative of Argentina and Chairman of the Special Committee
on Hemispheric Security of the OAS Permanent Council, gave a brief introduction
to the topic.
The Committee
heard statements by the Delegation of Peru. At the session, documents classified
SEGRE/doc.19, 36 add. 4 were distributed.
On adjourning the
committee, the Chairman gave a summary of its discussions, which is attached as
Appendix V to this report.
V. CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
At its final
plenary session, the meeting adopted the recommendations contained in the
document classified SEGRE/doc.41/94, which appears in Appendix VI.
VI. CLOSING
SESSION
The Meeting of
Experts held a closing session, in which His Excellency the President of the
Argentine Republic, Dr. Carlos Saúl Menem, and Ambassador João Clemente Baena
Soares, Secretary General of the Organization of American States, made
statements.
APPENDIX I
SUMMARY OF THE
CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE I
Upon adjourning
Working Committee I, the Chairman summarized the work of the committee,
stressing the following aspects.
During
consideration of the topic assigned to the committee, the various statements and
a wide-ranging exchanges of views showed a positive approach to the work of the
experts represented at the meeting. The various approaches and outlooks
expressed in the discussions that took place in the meeting served to enhance
the knowledge and understanding of the representatives.
In particular,
the following points and comments were highlighted:
Confidence-building measures should be implemented in a broad political
context.
Confidence-building measures may be part of a security strategy for
individual countries, but should also reflect the security concerns of all
participants.
Confidence-building measures should be taken into consideration in a
political context, whose target is also to increase mutual confidence.
Member states
of the hemisphere maintain cooperative relations that can be characterized
as positive, and it was pointed out that the hemisphere is one of the areas
with the least armaments in the world.
There is
currently a high degree of confidence among member states in the hemisphere.
There are
real possibilities for developing regional cooperation and integration.
In this
context, the OAS should consider confidence-building measures to further
strengthen the good relations existing among the countries in the region.
It was recognized
that the concept of security is not a strictly military term. The concept
comprises various elements, including social, economic and development issues,
as well as threats from, among others, illicit trafficking in arms and drugs,
and environmental problems.
It was recognized
that the concerns of the small island states of the Caribbean are different from
those of the other states and should be taken into consideration.
Close
participation of the military in security matters is very important for
developing and implementing confidence-building measures.
Mandatory use of
mechanisms for peaceful settlement of disputes and renouncing the use of force
are perceived as important measures. It will be difficult to build confidence
where old military rivalries persist in the region.
Confidence-building measures cannot be imported from other regions. They must be
developed within the hemisphere or, at least, be adequately adapted to meet the
real situations in the hemisphere.
Confidence-building measures are not of a single kind. They can be bilateral,
developed among subregional groups, or of a broader multilateral kind.
Several
delegations described some confidence-building measures already being
successfully implemented, which show that it is possible to be creative and
practical in conceiving such measures.
The efforts of
the OAS should complement, not duplicate, the work of the United Nations.
APPENDIX II
SUMMARY OF THE
CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE II
Upon adjourning
Working Committee II, the Chairman summarized the committee's work. The
committee adopted the following list, which was drafted by the working group, on
the understanding that a chapter on economic measures will be added:
ILLUSTRATIVE LIST
OF CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES THAT COULD BE TAKEN
I. POLITICAL
MEASURES
-
Increase
in joint policy planning at appropriate levels for consideration of
matters of common interest.
-
Promote
legislative contacts for discussion of security questions.
-
Study of
appropriate measures to effectively honor the solemn commitments to
peace, non-use of force in international relations, respect for
international law and peaceful settlement of disputes.
-
Reiterate
that representative democracy is the indispensable condition for peace.
-
Political
overtures to demonstrate the purpose of promoting peace and
inter-American cooperation in its multiple facets.
-
Close
cooperation for eradication of transnational criminal activities that
affect peace and democracy.
-
Strengthening of regional cooperation programs to respond to natural
disasters in coordination with existing organizations.
-
Prioritization of joint development projects, particularly in border
areas.
-
Adequate
access to technology for satellite sensing. systems.
-
Increase
in cooperation on environmental issues.
II. DIPLOMATIC
MEASURES
-
Introduction of courses in foreign service institutes on disarmament,
arms limitation and related topics.
-
Promote
regional and extraregional support for conducting educational and
cultural studies relating to peace and development.
-
Studies
and research, preferably jointly with professional groups from other
countries, on security and defense issues.
-
Seminars
on the media's responsibility in shaping and guiding public opinion on
security issues.
III. EDUCATIONAL
AND CULTURAL MEASURES
-
Promotion
of studies on disarmament, security and development.
-
Development of regional and international support for educational and
cultural studies on peace and development.
-
Studies
and research, preferably done jointly with professional groups from
other countries, on topics relating to security and defense.
-
Seminars
on the responsibility of the media in forming and guiding public opinion
on security questions.
IV. MILITARY
MEASURES
A. CONFIDENCE-
AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TROOP AND ARMY DEPLOYMENT
-
Advance
notification of maneuvers that their own units or those of third
countries undertake within a certain distance from coasts and borders.
-
Advance
notification of identification, planned route, and purpose of military
units that are expected to be within a certain distance.
-
Radio
contact between border forces, through periodic communications, in order
to coordinate activities undertaken by all organs at the border, thus
obviating the possibility of tension through misunderstanding.
-
Meetings
of naval and air officers to deal with navigation issues.
-
Invitations to armed forces of neighboring countries to send observers
to maneuvers and troop exercises carried out in areas near the
respective borders.
B. CONFIDENCE-
AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO INFORMATION EXCHANGE
-
Strengthening of machinery for information and cooperation on search and
rescue operations.
-
Periodic
meetings of the general staffs of the armed forces.
-
Exchange
of information on military budgets.
-
Exchange
of information on production and/or purchase of new equipment and
weapons.
-
Exchange
of information on military doctrine and organization.
-
More
active participation in the United Nations Register of Conventional
Weapons and the instrument for standardized international presentation
of reports of military expenditures.
C. CONFIDENCE-
AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO PERSONNEL EXCHANGE
Personnel
exchange visits to military unit.
D. CONFIDENCE-
AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO COMMUNICATIONS
Direct
and frequent communication between authorities with a view to ensuring
exchange of information that will permit comprehensive reciprocal
understanding of military activities.
E. CONFIDENCE-
AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO CONTACTS
-
Normal
safety procedures when naval and air units are in operation, in
accordance with the international agreements in force.
-
Sharing
of experiences on:
--
organization and structure of defense ministries and armed forces
--
peacekeeping operations
--
analysis of specific problems of mutual interest.
F. CONFIDENCE-
AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION
-
Exchange
of military personnel of various ranks on diverse subjects, such as:
--
survival training
--
confidence- and security-building measures training
--
general staff and higher level courses
--
military training and refresher courses
--
exchange of basic information on confidence- and security-building
measures
--
exchange of cadets, students and advisors.
-
Joint activities of military
academies.
Visits
and exchange of chiefs and units of the respective armed forces.
Exchanges
of specialized military personnel in areas of personnel, intelligence,
operations, logistics, civil affairs, data processing, and others areas
of interest.
Joint
training exercises with armed forces of other countries.
Participation of commissioned and noncommissioned officers in athletic
and cultural activities held by the armed forces of other countries.
Finally, the
working group expressed interest in considering the possibility and desirability
of a follow-up study on verification of confidence-building measures.
APPENDIX III
SUMMARY OF THE
CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE III
Upon adjourning
the committee, the Chairman of Working Committee III gave a summary of the
Committee's work, stressing the following aspects:
SUMMARY OF THE
CHAIRMAN -- COMMITTEE III
With regard to
item 3 of the agenda, "favorable political context for implementing measures to
strengthen and broaden confidence in the region," the following views were
expressed on how the discussion might be channeled.
Mention was made
of the importance of European experience with confidence-building measures,
although this does not imply that these measures can be transplanted
automatically to our region. Then, as an element of the new political context,
the delegates indicated the end of the Cold War with the consequent detente;
common democratic values; the process of growing economic and trade integration;
and the new prospects for civilian-military relations, which will make it
possible to implement genuine ongoing state policies.
Regarding future
measures on this topic, the need was indicated to take into consideration
existing institutions, and in addition, the varying situations prevailing in the
hemisphere's subregions, as well as the varying impacts this produces in each
subregion. Moreover, it was indicated that the concept of confidence is closely
related to the concept of security. Confidence dissipates feelings of
insecurity.
In addition, it
was pointed out that, from the discussion, a wide range of conclusions might be
reached regarding the level of confidence existing in the region. It was
maintained that in fact there is prejudice and distrust that cannot be
eliminated in a single session.
Among the
obstacles to a favorable context are such factors as social uprisings, drug
trafficking, and terrorism, all of which can have repercussions even at the
international level.
It was also
indicated that we should define what strengthens confidence measures themselves,
with respect to the hemisphere security system.
It was pointed
out that the region has made an enormously rich contribution to confidence- and
security-building. What is needed today is to organize systematically what we
have and define a set of initiatives to delineate the general framework for
discussing confidence- and security-building measures to deal with the new
international situation. It will also be necessary to assess the countries'
political resolve to take concrete action in this regard.
Accordingly,
existing cooperation ties in all spheres (military, political, academic,
economic, etc.) should be included in the state's political framework, which is
channeled by political officials.
The
democratization of our countries, bilateral agreements, multilateral trade
agreements, and the gradual but certain surmounting of border problems are
creating the conditions of a political and legal framework favorable for mutual
confidence.
In any case, we
cannot conclude that everything is accomplished. There are still many complex
challenges. Overcoming them requires intellectual exercises such as the one we
are called to attend in Buenos Aires.
The determination
that this is a propitious time should not cause us to lose sight of realism or
caution in addressing the issues. Efforts to analyze these measures in depth
must recognize the multiplicity and complexity of the factors involved in
implementing them. Today's task consists of building an edifice of measures that
are basically solid and lasting.
APPENDIX IV
SUMMARY OF THE
CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE IV
The Chairman of
Working Committee IV summarized the committee's work, stressing the following
aspects:
The participants
have presented a wide variety of opinions on this topic. However, their views
have a number of points in common.
First, the OAS
has established deep roots and an impressive history for considering hemisphere
security.
Second, these
deep roots can surely be strengthened and reaffirmed.
The delegates to
this session set forth in particular, the following views for future
development:
-
The OAS
is the first multilateral organization in the hemisphere. The UN is the
multilateral world organization. Both organizations should make use of
their comparative advantages in confronting challenges in the area of
security and establishment of peace and prosperity in the world and in
the region.
-
The
objectives of the OAS are security of the individual countries in the
region and of the region itself, guarantee of respect and maintenance of
democracy in all of the countries, regional defense of human rights, and
promotion of economic development.
-
Illicit
trafficking of drugs and small arms is a critical security problem.
-
There is
a need to "reformulate" OAS mechanisms, including the Inter-American
Defense Board.
Several
delegations made specific suggestions in this session, including the following:
-
Measures
to address the illicit trafficking in arms, particularly in connection
with drug trafficking.
-
The
possibility of establishing a center for preventing conflicts.
-
A
conference of ministers of defense.
-
Resolving
the question of the relationship between the Inter-American Defense
Board and the OAS.
-
Restructuring the Inter-American Defense College.
-
More
countries should take part in the United Nations register of
conventional weapons and exchanges of standardized military
expenditures.
-
Greater
cooperation between the OAS and the UN.
-
More
coordination of armed forces operations in the hemisphere.
-
Many
confidence-building measures have now been developed (especially
bilateral and subregional); this information should be exchanged.
-
Establish
a central point for exchanges of information on confidence-building
measures.
-
The
possibility of establishing an early warning mechanism to detect any
increases in tensions and try to neutralize them before they result in a
conflict.
-
Find ways
to enable the OAS to take into consideration the work done in other
regional organizations on confidence-building measures.
-
Greater
interaction among country representatives in the OAS and in the UN.
-
Exchanges
of information on security.
APPENDIX V
SUMMARY OF THE
CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE V
The Chairman of
Working Committee V summarized the committee's work, stressing the following
aspects:
Working Committee
V dealt with the topic, "Development in Confidence-Building Measures in the
United Nations."
The Chairman of
the committee made a statement on this topic, based on document SEGRE/36/94.
The working
committee took note of the presentation and of the document distributed.
APPENDIX VI
RECOMMENDATIONS
OF THE MEETING OF EXPERTS ON CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES IN THE
REGION
"The experts
agreed on recommending through the Chairman of the meeting that the competent
organs of the Organization of American States should consider the following
points:
-
Continue,
through the OAS Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, examining the
issues of confidence-building, and among other things, issues relating
to the peaceful settlement of disputes and the prevention of conflicts.
-
Recommend
that member countries implement, at the appropriate level and by
whatever means they regard as suitable, various confidence-building
measures.
-
Recommend
that member countries report regularly to the competent OAS organs on
implementation of confidence-building measures.
-
Instruct
the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security to draw up, continuing the
efforts started at the Buenos Aires meeting, a complete and systematic
inventory of the confidence-building measures that are being implemented
in the hemisphere, with a view to disseminating them and making them
better known and more easily adopted and implemented at the bilateral,
subregional and hemisphere level.
-
Proceed
with consultations in the OAS for holding in 1995 a Regional Conference
on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures in the Region, which Chile
has offered to host.
-
Vigorously encourage implementation of the recommendations in resolution
AG/RES. 1179 and other pertinent General Assembly resolutions.
The Meeting of
Experts thanked the Argentine officials for organizing the meeting and for their
many courtesies, and expressed satisfaction at the results achieved at the
Buenos Aires meeting."
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