INDEX TABLE OF ACRONYMS AND REFERENCES A. Introduction B. General aims and limits of State broadcasting regulation 1. Nature of broadcasting regulation 2. General requirements for broadcasting regulation compatible with the provisions for limiting freedom of expression found in Article 13.2 3. Regulation of radio must be prescribed by law with clear and precise language 4. When it can affect the right to freedom of expression 5. Broadcasting regulation should include only restrictions that are necessary, adequate, and proportional C. On the enforcement and oversight authority in charge of broadcasting 1. The enforcement and oversight authority must be independent and autonomous of political and economic power 2. The enforcement and oversight authority must proceed with transparency and respect for due process D. On assigning and renewing frequency concessions 1. Assignation criteria and procedure 2. Recognition of the different sectors 3. Conditions of use required 4. On the renewal of licenses E. Digital transformation F. Public media 1. Mandate set by law 2. Independence 3. Universal access and adequate funding 4. Transparency and accountability G. Community broadcasting 1. Importance and characteristics 2. Legal recognition 3. Reservation of spectrum and equality of access and use of licenses H. Private commercial broadcasting I. The duty of the State to prevent monopolies or oligopolies in broadcasting J. Government advertising and other forms of broadcast funding K. The sanctions regime 1. Legitimacy of sanctions 2. Due process APPENDIX A. AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS B. INTER-AMERICAN DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION C. JOINT STATEMENT ON THE MEDIA AND ELECTIONS D. JOINT DECLARATION ON DIVERSITY IN BROADCASTING E. RESOLUTION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES - 2009AG/RES. 2523 (XXXIX-O/09)