Permanent Council of the OAS / Commitee on Hemispheric Security

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Confidence and security-building measures

Reports

REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY- BUILDING MEASURES IN THE REGION
November 8-10, 1995
Santiago, Chile

OEA/Ser.K/XXIX.2
COSEGRE/doc.10/95
30 October 1995
Original: Spanish

REPORT OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD ON
THE DRAFT INVENTORY OF CONFIDENCE-BUILDING
MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE THAT ARE BEING
IMPLEMENTED IN THE HEMISPHERE

August 15, 1995

Your Excellency:

As a result of the request submitted to the IADB, through a note dated June 29, 1995, by Ambassador Villela de Talbott, who was then the President of the Permanent Council, I am pleased to forward you, a proposed inventory, attached hereto, with the Confidence Building Measures of a Military Nature that are being applied in the Hemisphere. This inventory is submitted in the official language of each country.

The following guidelines were taken into consideration for the preparation of the task:

1. OAS Member countries with representation at the IADB:

The subject was analyzed by the Council of Delegates, establishing:

A coordinated work schedule for the delegations.

Levels of bilateral, subregional and hemispheric measures per country.

A list of Confidence Building Measures of a Military Nature prepared in the Meeting of Experts held in Buenos Aires in March 1994, as a guideline or reminder.

2. OAS Member countries with no representation at the IADB:

A note forwarded to the Ambassadors of each country, requesting the inventory, and describing the OAS requirement and its rationale. A guideline for the preparation of the inventory was also included in that note.

Please know that this letter comes with the assurance of my highest esteem and consideration.

/s/JOHN C. ELLERSON
Major General, U.S. Army
Chairman

His Excellency Richard Bernal
Ambassador Permanent Representative of Jamaica
to the Organization of American States
President of the Permanent Council

PROPOSED INVENTORY ON MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING
MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

D.M.P. No. 47/95

Argentine Republic

Military Delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board

Washington, D.C., 22 June 1995

Subject: Confidence-building measures of a military nature

TO BRIGADIER GENERAL LUIS F. ORTEGA MENALDO, DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD.

In reply to the request in Memorandum D-95/54 of 18 May of this year and for the purposes of satisfying the request of the OAS Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, I enclose herewith the Inventory of Confidence-Building Measures that the government and the armed forces of Argentina are implementing in the American hemisphere.

Please know that this communication comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

Enclosed: Appendixes A, B, C, D and E

/s/ Brigadier General LUIS DOMINGO VILLAR
Chief of the Argentina Military Delegation
to the IADB

APPENDIX "A"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Measures	Countries	Length	Observations
Treaty of TLATELOLCO-Mexico-14 Feb 67	All Latin American countries		Utilization of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Ratified Nov 93
Argentine-Brazilian Declaration on Nuclear Policy	Brazil		FOZ DO IGUAZU - 28 Nov 90
Agreement of Guadalajara-Mexico-18 Jul 91	Brazil		Peaceful use of nuclear energy
Commitment of Mendoza	Brazil-Chile		Banning chemical and biological weapons
Safeguard Agreement-Austria-13 Dec 91	Brazil		Submitting nuclear installations to the OICA
Convention to Prohibit Chemical Weapons	Brazil-Chile		Paris-13 Jan 93

/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB

"APPENDIX B"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA JOINT STAFF

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Exchanges among armed forces training institutes	Chile	1993, ongoing	Governed by a document of understanding and meetings bylaws
Office exercise for mutual support in the event of disasters
Technology developments of common interest for the armed forces
Exploration of new areas of mutual confidence-building
Meetings of consultation on security	U.S.	1981, ongoing	No guideline document
Proposed meetings for consultation among armed forces general staffs	Brazil
Symposia on military topics of common interest, for strategic purposes	Chile Brazil Uruguay Paraguay	1987, ongoing
Consultations on international security	Canada	June 22/23, 95	Ministry of Foreign Affairs Defense Ministry Joint Armed Forces General Staff

/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB

"APPENDIX C"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE ARMY

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
XII Military Conference, Brazil-Argentina	Brazil	1 week
Exchanges of visits of cadets and officers	Brazil	1 week	Visit to schools, commands and units
Exchanges of students in war colleges of both countries	Brazil	2 years	Training course for staff officers
Exchanges of visits of cadets and officers	Chile	1 week	Visits to schools, commands and units
Military ski championship	Chile	10 days	1995, in Argentina
First meeting of general staffs	Chile	1 week	1995, in Chile
Bilateral conference of general staffs	Bolivia	1 week	1995, in Argentina
Officer instructors in the Command and Staff School of the Army of Bolivia	Bolivia	1 year/ 2 years	Two chief officers assigned to Bolivia
Adviser of the Argentine Army on the General Staff of the Army of Bolivia	Bolivia	2 years	One chief as adviser on doctrine in Bolivia
Argentina military instructors in the Army Engineering School of Bolivia	Bolivia	1 year	Two chief officers specializing in military engineering in Bolivia
Training of Bolivian cadets in the Argentine Military College	Bolivia	4 years	Two Bolivian cadets in the Military College of the Nation

"APPENDIX C"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE ARMY

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Visits to commands and units	Paraguay	1 week	Officers
Exercises of friendly armies	Brazil-Paraguay-Uruguay	1 week	1995, in Argentina
Exchanges of personnel (commissioned and noncommissioned officers and cadets)	Peru	1 week	Visits to operational units and schools
Meeting of general staffs	Peru	7 days	First meeting, 1995
Exchanges of personnel-commissioned and noncommissioned officers	Ecuador	1 week	Visit to operational units
Meeting of general staffs	Ecuador	7 days	First meeting, 1995
Exchanges of personnel-commissioned and noncommissioned officers	Colombia	1 week	Visit to operational units
Meeting of general staffs	Colombia	7 days	First meeting, 1995
Exchanges of military experts	U.S.	7 days	Development of operations simulators in low and middle-sized mountains-military aviation
IV International Competition for Mountain Troops	U.S.-Canada	10 days	1995, in Argentina
United Forces Exercise (Peace Forces)	Multinational	10 days	1995, in Argentina
Familiarization visit	U.S.	7 days	Training center in military peace operations-staff officers

"APPENDIX C"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE ARMY

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Exchanges of visits of students of officer training institutes	U.S.	4/7 days	Army War College-United States Military Academy -West Point Military Academy
Operations Conference	U.S.	7 days	United Forces Planning Exercise (Panama)
Exchanges of company chiefs and commanders	U.S.	14 days	Mechanized infantry company

/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB

"APPENDIX D"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE NAVY

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Exchanges of technical information	Venezuela	Ongoing
Meetings of chiefs of hydrographic services	Uruguay	Situational	Exchange and harmonize nautical information
Exchanges of technical personnel	Uruguay	Ongoing	Courses-training-serve in units-visits
CAMAS (Control of South Atlantic Maritime Area)	Brazil Paraguay Uruguay	Ongoing	With rotation of CAMAS among Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil
Operation ATLASUR	Brazil Uruguay South Africa	Biennial	The first operation was bilateral with South Africa (1993); Brazil and Uruguay were included in the second (1995)
Trilateral war game	U.S.-Canada	Yearly	General staff level. Annual rotation of sites.
Operation UNITAS (Argentina Phase)	Navies of the hemisphere	Annual	Recent participants with units: Brazil, Canada, U.S. and Uruguay
Inter-American war game	Navies of the hemisphere	Annual	At the war college level
Inter-American Naval Conference	Navies of the hemisphere	Biennial	At the Naval Chiefs level
Specialized naval conferences	Navies of the hemisphere	Variable periodicity	Communications-war colleges-materiel-intelligence-science and technology-naval control of maritime traffic-operations with helicopters

"APPENDIX D"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE NAVY

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Meetings of naval committees	U.S.	Annual	Surface, naval aviation and marines. Alternating sites in each country.
Exchanges of personnel	U.S.	Ongoing	Courses-training-service in units-visits
Exercise FLEETEX	U.S.	Annual	Participation with units (1994) or personnel (1995)
Exercise IMARA-USMC	U.S.	Annual	Training in coastal environments
Exercise GHOST	U.S.	1993	AS training
Exercise GRINGO-GAUCHO	U.S.	Situational	Air-naval exercises during transit of USN aircraft carriers
Exchanges of personnel	Mexico	Ongoing	Courses-visits
Exchanges of personnel	Dominican Republic	Ongoing	Personnel training
Naval Mission	Paraguay	Ongoing	Provide technical assistance and instruction of personnel
Exchanges of personnel	Paraguay	Ongoing	Courses-personnel training-visits
Exchanges of personnel	Peru	Ongoing	Courses-training-membership in units-visits
Exchanges of technical information	Peru	Ongoing
Exchanges of personnel	Venezuela	Ongoing	Courses-training-visits

"APPENDIX D"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE AIR FORCE

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Naval mission	Bolivia	Ongoing	Provide technical assistance and instruction to personnel
Exchanges of personnel	Bolivia	Ongoing	Courses-personnel training-visits
Exchanges of personnel	Brazil	Ongoing	Courses-training-service in units-visits
Operation FRATERNO	Brazil	Annual	Exercise alternating in jurisdictional waters of the two countries
Operation ARAEX	Brazil	Annual	Naval air operations with aircraft carriers
Meetings between general staffs	Chile	Annual	Alternating sites in each country
Meetings of officials in the southern area	Chile	Annual	Alternating sites in each country
Meetings of chiefs of hydrographic services	Chile	Situational	Exchange and reconciliation of nautical information
Exchanges of personnel	Chile	Situational	Courses-visits
SAR exercises and communications in the southern area	Chile	Annual	Instrument panel drill
Exchanges of personnel	Colombia	Ongoing	Courses-visits
Exchanges of personnel	Ecuador	Ongoing	Courses-personnel instruction-visits
Strategic dialogue meetings	U.S.	biennial	Meetings between general staffs. Alternating sites in each country.

"APPENDIX E"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE AIR FORCE

Measures	Country	Lenght	Observations
A chief adviser officer in the area war school	Peru	2 years	Since 1978
Air support school course-radar controller course	Peru	15 days	In Argentina
Training helicopter pilots in antarctic operations	Peru	3 months	In Argentina
Familiarization with antiaircraft artillery procedures	Peru	15 days	In Peru
Exchanges of GOES/DOES operating experiences	Peru	15 days	In Peru
Familiarization with MIRAGE 2000 Aircraft	Peru	15 days	In Peru
Familiarization with MI 25 Helicopters	Peru	15 days	In Peru
Visits of fourth-year cadets	Uruguay	3/4 days	Since 1994
Visits to units with IA 58 Pucara Aircraft	Uruguay	1 week	Since 1988
Combined AA firing drills	Uruguay	1 week	Since 1989
Combined exercises for in-flight refueling	Uruguay	1 week	Scheduled for 1995
SICOFAA participation	Armed Forces of the Americas	8-weeks	Eight 1-week annual committees are held

/s/Commander JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ MARIANI
Secretary, Argentine Military Delegation
to the IADB

"APPENDIX E"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE AIR FORCE

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Spanish teacher at the Air Academy	U.S.	2 years	Since 1974
Student in BASIC PERSONNEL COURSE	U.S.	3 years	Since 1994
Student in INSTRUMENT FLYING COURSE	U.S.	3 months	Since 1993
Exchanges of pilots	U.S.	3 years	In Lackland, one Argentine instrument flight instructor and one American pilot in the Fighter-Plane School
Pilots and mechanics visiting air bases	U.S.	3 weeks	Not held this year because of budget problems: approx. 8 officers and 4 noncoms attend
Training deployment U.S. C-130 aircraft	U.S.	1 week	Two exercises-search and rescue-tactical operations with airdrops of personnel and cargo
Exchanges of cadet visits	U.S.	3/4 days	Ongoing
Communications course (senior personnel)	Paraguay	2 years	In Argentina
PREVAC course (senior personnel)	Paraguay	3 months	In Argentina
Pilot maintenance course (senior personnel)	Paraguay	10 days	In Argentina

"APPENDIX E"

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

COUNTRY: ARGENTINA ARGENTINE AIR FORCE

Measures	Country	Length	Observations
Exchanges of students of staff schools	Brazil	1 year	Since 1980
Units of fourth-year cadets of aviation schools	Brazil	5 days	Since 1994
Visit of TUCANO aircraft instructors	Brazil	5 days	Since 1994, in Brazil
Visits of C-130 aircraft crews	Brazil	7 days	Since 1980
One chief advisory officer of the general staff in the BAF Advanced School of Air Warfare	Bolivia	2 years	Since 1980
BAF cadets studying at the Argentine Military Aviation School	Bolivia	4 years	Since 1980
Training in M-5 flight simulator	Colombia	10 days	Since 1995
Visits of fourth-year cadets of the military aviation schools	Chile	7 days	Since 1994
Glider flight training in mountains	Chile	3 days	Since 1994
Radar controller course	Ecuador	3 months	In Argentina
Exchanges of chiefs studying in war colleges	U.S.	1 year	Air war college and Escuela de Guerra Aérea

EMBASSY OF BOLIVIA

Chief of the Military Delegation of Bolivia to the IADB

Washington, D.C., June 20, 1995

Brigadier General Luis F. Ortega Menaldo
Director of the IADB Staff
Washington, D.C.

Dear General:

I submit herewith the Inventory of Confidence-Building Measures, along with the following documents:

Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature, submitted at the Meeting of Government Experts, held in Buenos Aires in 1994.
Confidence-Building Measures between the Bolivian armed forces and Peru and Paraguay.

Please know that this letter comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

/s/Major General Eduardo Galindo Grandchand

Chief of the Delegation to the IADB

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE,
SUBMITTED AT THE MEETING OF GOVERNMENT EXPERTS
HELD IN BUENOS AIRES IN 1994

A. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TROOPS AND ARMY DEPLOYMENT

Advance notification of maneuvers that their own units or those of third countries undertake within a certain distance from coasts and borders.

Advance notification of identification, planned route, and purpose of military units that are expected to be within a certain distance.

Radio contract between border forces, through periodic communications, in order to coordinate activities undertaken by all organs at the border, thus obviating the possibility of tension through misunderstanding.

Meetings of naval and air officers to deal with navigation issues.

Invitations to armed forces of neighboring countries to send observers to maneuvers and troop exercises carried out in areas near the respective borders.

B. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION

Measures to reinforce mechanisms for information on and cooperation in search and rescue operations.

Periodic meetings between general staffs of armed forces.

Exchanges of information on military budgets.

Exchanges of information on production and acquisitions of new equipment and weapons.

Exchanges of information on military doctrine and organization.

More active participation in the United Nations register of conventional arms and the instrument for the standard international presentation of reports on military expenditures.

C. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF PERSONNEL

Visits and exchanges of personnel of military units.

D. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO COMMUNICATIONS.

Direct and frequent communication between commands so as to ensure exchanges of information that will provide proper knowledge of each other's military activities.

E. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO CONTACTS.

Normal security procedures during operations of naval and air units in accordance with international agreements currently in force.

Exchanges of experiences in

- the organization and structure of defense ministries and armed forces

- peace operations

- the analysis of concrete problems of mutual interest

F. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION.

Exchanges of military personnel of different ranks in diverse areas, such as

- survival training

- training courses in confidence- and security-building measures

- general staff training courses of higher ranks

- military basic and advanced military training and instruction courses

- exchanges of basic information on confidence- and security-building measures

- exchanges of cadets, students and advisors

Meetings between military academies.

Plans for visits to and exchanges with commands and units of the different armed forces.

Exchanges of military personnel specializing in personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, civilian affairs, information processing, and others that may be of interest.

Combined training operations between armed forces.

Participation of commissioned and noncommissioned officers in athletic and cultural activities held by the armed forces of other countries.

APPENDIX I

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(FORMAT)
BILATERAL
SUBREGIONAL^/
HEMISPHERIC

COUNTRY: BOLIVIA WITH ARGENTINA - BRAZIL - PERU - ECUADOR - UNITED STATES - VENEZUELA

MEASURES	BETWEEN (SIGNATORY COUNTRIES)	LENGTH START END	OBSERVATIONS
ICIA Exchange	Bolivia-Argentina	Ongoing
Academic exchange	Bolivia-Argentina	Ongoing

ICIA Exchange	Bolivia-Brazil	Ongoing
Academic exchange	Bolivia-Brazil	Ongoing

ICIA Exchange	Bolivia-Paraguay	1995
Academic Exchange	Bolivia-Paraguay	1995

ICIA Exchange	Bolivia-Peru	Ongoing
Academic Exchange	Bolivia-Peru	Ongoing

Academic Exchange	Bolivia-Ecuador	Ongoing

ICIA Exchange	Bolivia-U.S.	Ongoing
Academic Exchange	Bolivia-U.S.	Ongoing

Academic Exchange	Bolivia-Venezuela	Ongoing

/s/EDUARDO GALINGO G.
DIVISIÓN GENERAL
HEAD OF DELEGATION OF BOLIVIA
TO THE IADB

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL

From: Chief of the Delegation of Brazil to the IADB

To: His Excellency, the Director of the General Staff of the IADB

Subject: Confidence-Building Measures

Reference: Memorandum: D-95/154 of 18 May 1995 from this General Staff

Enclosed: Inventory of confidence-building measures of a military nature.

Based on the referenced document, I submit to Your Excellency this appendix, with four lists, concerning the confidence-building measures implemented by the Brazilian armed forces.

/s/PAULO CESAR DE PAIVA BASTOS
Rear Admiral
Chief of the Delegation of Brazil
to the IADB

APPENDIX A

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

Information on the Armed Forces General Staff

MEASURES	COUNTRY	LENGTH	OBSERVATIONS
Participation in the Symposium of Strategic Studies of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and of Defense	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay	1 week	In 1995, VIII Symposium in Santiago, Chile, 26-30 June 1995. Annual
Attendance at the annual meeting of consultations of Joint Chiefs of Staff	Brazil and U.S.	TBD	In 1996, XVI Meeting in the U.S.
Attendance and coordination of the mission of military observers of guarantor countries of the 1942 Rio de Janeiro Protocol, in Ecuador and Peru	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and U.S.	11 Mar to 11 Sept 95	As a result of recent ECUADOR and PERU conflict
Participation in the UN Convention on Prohibition and limitations on the Use of Conventional Weapons Considered Excessively Harmful or Generating Indiscriminate Effects	Various
Attendance at the Brazil-Venezuela Regional Meeting on military exchanges	Brazil and Venezuela
Participation of the army in the regional meetings between the Military Command of the Amazon (Brazil) and the Unified Command of the South (Colombia)	Brazil and Colombia		Periodic
Participation in the UN Register of conventional weapons	Various
Participation in various UN peace missions	Various
Participation in various international agencies	Various		OAS, IADB
Signatory of international treaties	Various		Tlatelolco, TCA

APPENDIX B

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(Format)
Bilateral
Subregional (1)
Hemispheric Subsidies
Information provided by the Navy

Country: Brazil

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations
Offers of courses and practical training in the BN for all South American countries	Brazil and other Latin American countries	Variable	Countries that have taken advantage of this offer: Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname, Peru and Guatemala in various courses and practical training.
Exchanges of professional military education (advanced military courses RGN/NOC)	Brazil and U.S.		Ongoing, started in 1989. One officer-student/country.
Exchanges in graduate course instructors (EX/Annapolis)	Brazil and U.S.	Every 2 years	Ongoing, started in 1978
Exchanges of liaison officer	Brazil and U.S.	Every 2 years (BN) and every year (USN)	Ongoing, since 1978
Exchanges in the logistics and materiel area	Brazil and U.S.	Every 2 years (BN) and every year (USN)	Ongoing, since 1984
Exchanges of amphibious force officers	Brazil and U.S	Every 2 years (BN) and every year (USN)	Ongoing, since 1980
Exchanges of cadets (in Annapolis)	Brazil and U.S.	6 to 8 weeks	Ongoing, started in 1980
Shiprider exchanges for officers	Brazil and Argentina	Variable	Started in 1994. Includes various cruises on ships of the BN/ARN
Exchanges in senior military studies courses	Brazil and Argentina		Protocol signed in 1988, effective in 1994

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations
OCONTRAM course	Brazil and Argentina	2 Weeks	Both countries conduct courses in this area, with various countries attending
Visits to naval training facilities	Brazil and Argentina	2 Weeks	Exchanges between the two countries. Started this year with the visit of BN officers to Argentina
Practical training in mine warfare	Brazil and Uruguay	3 Weeks	Conducted in the Mine Sweeping Force in Salvador, with the participation of one officer
Training in the Marines group, in Ladário	Brazil and Uruguay	4 Weeks	Familiarization with coastal operations conducted in the region, with the participation of one officer
Operation UNITAS	Countries of the Americas	Annual	Other countries may sometimes be invited
Operation FRATERNO	Brazil and Argentina	Annual	Alternating in the jurisdictional waters of the two countries
Operation ATLASUR	Brazil, Argentina and South Africa	Biennial	1995-participation of the Brazilian Navy
Operation PASSEX	Brazil/friendly navies		At the request of friendly navies, conducted when passing through Brazilian
IAWG-(Inter-American War Game)	Countries of the Americas	Annual	Representatives of the Naval War Academies/Schools Attend
IANC (**) Inter-American Naval Conference	Countries of the Americas	Biennial

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations
CNIE of Chiefs of Naval Communications	Countries of the Americas	Biennial
Operational network of regional cooperation of Latin American maritime officials	South America/ Mexico/Panama	To be determined (***)
CNIE - Science and technology	Countries of the Americas	Biennial	To be held in Colombia
Combined forces exercise	Brazil and U.S.	5/18 to 5/24	Marines exercise
Exercise Export Gold	Brazil and U.S. and others	6/5 to 6/15	Maritime traffic control
Exercise OCAMAS	Brazil and Uruguay and others	10/16 to 10/27	Maritime traffic control
CNIE-IAW and HOSTAC	Inter-America	1/3 to 2/2	Helicopter operations
Waterways/Paraguay/Paraná	Brazil Bolivia Uruguay Argentina Paraguay	Annual
International Maritime Organization (IMO)	151 countries	Annual	World merchant ship navigation
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (ICO)	Countries of the Americas	Biennial	Hydrographic subjects
Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations

CNIE of Directors of Naval War Colleges	Countries of the Americas	Biennial
CNIE of Directors of Materiel Logistics	Countries of the Americas	Biennial
CNIE of Intelligence	Countries of the Americas	Biennial
CNIE of Naval Control of Maritime Traffic	Countries of the Americas	Biennial

IANC-INTER-AMERICAN NAVAL CONFERENCE
SIANC-SPECIALIZED INTER-AMERICAN NAVAL CONFERENCE
TBD = To be determined

/s/HEMENEGILDO ANDREIUOLO
Officer in charge of Naval War Division

ADDENDUM

Measures

Among Signatory

Countries

Length

Start-End

Observations

Qualification of Pilots on board "Minas Gerais" NAel

Brazil and Argentina

1993 and 1994

/s/JOSE EUSTAQUIO DA SILVA FILHO
Navy Captain (FN)
Deputy Chief of Logistics
IADB

APPENDIX C

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

Bilateral
Subregional
(1) Hemispheric Subsidies
Information provided by the Army

Country: BRAZIL

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations
Visits to UN (command and control)	Brazil/U.S.	6 Feb 95 9 Feb 95
ABAE-SER Seminary	Brazil/ Argentina	3 Mar 95 4 Mar 95
Instruction on mines and traps for CO-BRAVEM	Brazil, U.S.	15 Mar 95 17 Mar 95
Peacekeeping Operation	Brazil/England	2 Apr 95 3 Apr 95
Seminar on Peace Force	Brazil/ Argentina	3 Apr 95 8 Apr 95
Peacekeeping Operation	Brazil/England	26 Apr 95 27 Apr 95
Exchanges of specialists' assistance	Brazil/U.S.	17 Apr 95 21 Apr 95
Aircraft visits/ light operations	Brazil/Panama	3 May 95 5 May 95
Conference on the Peace Force exercise for 1995	Brazil/ Argentina	2 May 95 4 May 95
Seminar on confidence-building measures	Brazil/U.S., Chile, Argentina	22 May 95 26 May 95
Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations
Seminar on Western Hemisphere Peace Force	Brazil/U.S.	22 May 95 25 May 95
Visits to Light Infantry Military Organization	Brazil/U.S.		Regular length
12th exchanges of doctrine	Brazil/U.S.	18 Jul 95 21 Jul 95
International Conference on Doctrine	Brazil/U.S.	21 Jul 95 24 Jul 95
Symposium on Military Aircraft Flight Safety	Brazil/U.S.	27 Jul 95 28 Jul 95
Peace Force Exercise	Brazil/Argentina	20 Aug 95 1 Sept 95
Exchanges of specialists assistance	Brazil/U.S.		Sept 95
Preparatory meeting	Brazil		Nov 95
Offer and acceptance of vacancies in courses and practical training	Brazil and various countries

APPENDIX D

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(Format)
Bilateral
Subregional
(Hemispheric Subsidies)
Information provided by the Air Force

Country: Brazil

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start-End	Observations
CONJEFAMER (2)	All countries of the Americas	21 May 95 27 May 95	Annual
Committee to Prevent Air Accidents (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	14 Nov 95 21 Nov 95	Annual
Committee on Search and Rescue and Mutual Support in Disasters (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	16 Oct 95 20 Oct 95	Annual
Committee for Mutual Logistics Support (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	16 Oct 95 20 Oct 95	Annual
Committee on Medicine of the American Air Forces (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	28 Aug 95 01 Sep 95	Annual
Meteorology Committee of the American Air Forces (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	11 Sep 95 15 Sep 95	Annual
Committee on Telecommunications Systems and Informatics (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	30 Oct 95 03 Nov 95	Annual
Committee on Illegal Flights (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	02 Oct 95 06 Oct 95	Annual
Training Committee (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	23 Oct 95 27 Oct 95	Annual
Science and Technology Committee (SICOFAA)	All countries of the Americas	27 Nov 95 01 Dec 95	Annual
Exchanges of operators and technicians of the telecommunications system (SICOFAA)	All signatory countries of SICOFAA (3)	09 Jul 95 17 Jul 95	Annual
Exchanges with MIRAGE III pilots and D Br and PANTERA	Chile	July 95 Aug 95	28 days
Exchanges of patrol pilots	Chile	TBD TBD
Exchanges of F-5 pilots	Chile	Aug 95 Sep 95	24 days
Exchanges of T-27 pilots	Peru	TBD TBD
Exchanges of F-5 pilots	U.S.	TBD TBD
Exchanges to update pilots and air defense controllers	U.S.	TBD TBD
Exchanges of helicopter pilots	U.S.	TBD TBD
Exchanges in the area of war simulation	U.S.	TBD TBD	24 days
Exchanges of flight instructors	Argentina	TBD TBD
Cultural exchanges of cadets	Argentina Chile U.S. Uruguay	TBD TBD	After Sept 95
Training in F-103 simulator	Chile	TBD TBD	Annual
Training in C-130 aircraft simulator	U.S.	TBD TBD	Annual
Training in R-35A aircraft simulator	U.S.	TBD July
Training in AT-26 aircraft simulator	Paraguay	TBD TBD	Annual
Training T-27 aircraft simulator	Argentina and Paraguay	TBD TBD	Annual
Operational training of C-130 aircraft crews (for operation in the Antarctic) and survival exercise in the ice	Chile	Sept 95 Oct 95	14 days
Initial qualification of C-130 aircraft copilots	U.S.	TBD TBD
Electronic warfare operations/staff officer course	U.S.	TBD TBD
Imagery Intelligence Officer Course	U.S.	TBD TBD
Air intelligence officer course	U.S.	TBD TBD
Precision photo course	U.S.	TBD TBD
Defense sensor interpretation and application training course	U.S.	TBD TBD
Imagery productive course	U.S.	TBD TBD
General Staff course	Argentina Venezuela U.S.	Mar Dec	Biennial
Offer of vacancies in various BAF courses (list of courses in appendix)	Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Ecuador Panama Paraguay Peru Venezuela	TBD TBD	Annual
Flight physiology course	Paraguay and Uruguay	TBD TBD	Annual
Operation TIGER II	U.S.	15 Oct 95 30 Oct 95	Exercise in fighter plane units of the BAF and USAF (ANG)
Operation UNITAS IIIVI	U.S., Argentina Uruguay	24 Apr 95 28 Apr 95	Annual exercise between armed forces (Army and Navy)
Operation ARAEX	Uruguay Argentina	1 Oct 95 20 Oct 95	Annual exercise between armed forces (Army and Navy)
RODEO 95 Competition	U.S.	TBD TBD
Multilateral accord on over-flights and landings	All signatory countries of SICOFAA	Ongoing	Signed at CONJEFAMER VII May 67
Advance planning meeting of CONJEFAMER	All countries of the Americas	12 Feb 95 16 Feb 95	Annual
MOMEP	U.S. Argentina Chile	Feb 95 TBD	Peace Mission of military observers in the area of conflict ECUADOR/PERU

(1) Where appropriate

(2) CONJEFAMER: Conference of the chiefs of the American air forces

(3) SICOFAA: System of Cooperation among American Air Forces

(4) TBD: To be determined

(5) BAF - Brazilian Air Force

(6) BN-Brazilian Navy

CURRENT COURSES IN THE BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE

01- Flight Safety Course (CFB)

02- Technical refresher course in fire fighting and rescue (CATCIS)

03- Maintenance inspector course (CIMAN)

04- Supply and maintenance management course (CASM)

05- Centralized course for fire fighting and rescue officers (CEOCIS)

06- Hospital administration course (CAHOFE)

07- General staff and high command course (CEM/CSC)

08- Air officers training course (CFOAV)

09- Advanced training course for officers (CAP)

10- Specialized course in air space medicine (CEMAE)

11- Sergeants training course (CFS)

12- Instructors training course (CPI)

13- SAR Auxiliary coordination course (OP-06)

14- Radar operation course in terminal area (OP-17)

15- In flight radar operation course (OP-18)

16- SAR coordinator course (OP-111)

17- AIS organs supervision course (CG-24)

20- ATC organs supervision course (CG-25)

21- Basic ILS course (CB-09)

22- Basic radar maintenance course (CB-14)

23- Supply inspector course (CINS)

24- War materiel inspector course (CIMBE)

Embassy of Chile Military Attache

SUBJECT: Report on request for bilateral agreements:

REF: 1) Session No. 1064

2) Memorandum D-95/154 of 18 May 1995

FROM: CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF CHILE TO THE IADB.

TO: DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD

As you know, in Session No. 1064 of the Inter-American Defense Board, the Chiefs of Delegation were asked to submit an inventory of confidence-building measures of a military nature, a subject that was expanded upon later in Memorandum D-95/154.

The Chief of the Delegation of Chile has consulted the commands of the armed forces institutions on this matter, and they have indicated that because these measures are contained in bilateral agreements, details on them cannot be given out, because they are confidential information of the signatories of the agreements.

Yours truly,

/s/Ricardo Izurrieta Caffarena
Brigadier General
Chief of the Delegation of Chile
to the IADB

Distribution:

1. Director of Staff IADB.

2. Naval Mission.

3. Air Mission.

4. File

EMBASSY OF COLOMBIA

To: Major General John C. Ellerson, CHAIRMAN OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD

I am submitting herewith to the Chairman of the Inter-American Defense Board information on the confidence-building measures of the Colombian military forces.

/s/ General LUIS HUMBERTO CORREA CASTAÑEDA
Defense Attache and Chief of Delegation of Colombia to the IADB

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE CONTINENTAL LEVEL

Measures Conference-Meetings-Contacts	Among (Signatory Countries)	Length Start End	Purpose	Observations
American Army Conferences (CEA)	American Armies	Annual	Integration and cooperation
American Air Forces Conferences (CONJEFAMER)	American Air Forces	Annual	Integration and cooperation
American Naval Conferences	American Navies	Annual	Integration and cooperation

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-ARGENTINA

Measures

Conference-Meetings-Contacts

Among

(Signatory

Countries)

Length

Start End

Purpose

Observations

Bilateral intelligence and general staff conferences

Colombia-Argentina

Annual

Exchanges of information

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-BRAZIL

Measures

Conference-Meetings-Contacts

Among

(Signatory

Countries)

Length

Start End

Purpose

Observations

Bilateral conferences

Colombia-Brazil

Annual

Exchanges of information

Directors of army intelligence

Regional meetings

Colombia-Brazil

Biennial

Exchanges of information

CUS Colombia and Amazon Military Command-Brazil

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-BOLIVIA

Measures

Conference-Meetings-Contacts

Among

(Signatory

Countries)

Length

Start End

Purpose

Observations

Bilateral conference

Colombia-Bolivia

Annual

Exchanges of information

The first conference will be held this year in La Paz

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-CHILE

Measures

Conference-Meetings-Contacts

Among

(Signatory

Countries)

Length

Start End

Purpose

Observations

Bilateral conference

Colombia-Chile

Annual

Exchanges of information

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-ECUADOR

Measures Conference-Meetings-Contacts	Among (Signatory Countries)	Length Start End	Purpose	Observations
Ministerial meeting	Colombia, Ecuador	Annual	Integration and cooperation	Has not been held
National border commission (CONBIFRON)	Colombia, Ecuador	Annual	Border security	Has not been held
Bilateral conference	Colombia, Ecuador	Annual	Exchanges of information	Has not been held
Regional meetings	Colombia, Ecuador	Quarterly	Border security	Major border units
Local meetings	Colombia, Ecuador	Quarterly	Border security	Tactical border units

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-PANAMA

Measures Conference-Meetings-Contacts	Among (Signatory Countries)	Length Start End	Purpose	Observations
Ministerial meeting	Colombia-Panama	Annual	Share experiences on border crimes
Regional meetings	Colombia-Panama	Quarterly	Exchanges of information	Border units

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-PERU

Measures Conference-Meetings-Contacts	Among (Signatory Countries)	Length Start End	Purpose	Observations
High Command roundtables	Colombia-Peru	Annual	Generate confidence measures
Bilateral conferences	Colombia-Peru	Annual	Exchanges of information	Army intelligence commands
Bilateral conferences	Colombia-Peru	Annual	Exchanges of information	Air Force intelligence commands
Regional meetings	Colombia-Peru	Quarterly	Exchanges of information	CUS Colombia and Fifth Military Region-Peru
Working group	Colombia-Peru	Biennial	Preparation roundtables

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL, SUBREGIONAL OR HEMISPHERIC MEASURES

AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA

Measures Conference-Meetings-Contacts	Among (Signatory Countries)	Length Start End	Subject	Observations
Ministerial meetings	Colombia-Venezuela	Every 6 months	Integration and cooperation
Binational Border Commission (COMBIFRON)	Colombia-Venezuela	Ongoing	Border security	Has not been held
Army commanders	Colombia-Venezuela	Biennial	Integration and cooperation
Air Force commanders	Colombia-Venezuela	Biennial	Integration and cooperation	Has not been held
Navy commanders	Colombia-Venezuela	Biennial	Integration and cooperation	Has not been held
Bilateral intelligence conferences	Colombia-Venezuela	Annual	Exchanges of information	Has not been held

Measures Conference-Meetings-Contacts	Among (Signatory Countries)	Length Start End	Subject	Observations
Regional meetings	Colombia-Venezuela	Quarterly	Border security	Commanders Army, Navy and Air Force units at division level
Local meetings	Colombia-Venezuela	Quarterly	Border security	Tactical units of Army, Navy and Air Force

PERMANENT DELEGATION OF ECUADOR

Sir:

Regarding your memorandum D-95/154 of 18 May 1995, I am submitting to you the Inventory of Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature drawn up by the Military Delegation of Ecuador.

Please know that this letter comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

Yours truly,

/s/Patricio López
Brigadier General
Chief of the Delegation of Ecuador
to the IADB

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(FORMAT)

BILATERAL

SUBREGIONAL(1)

HEMISPHERIC

Country: Ecuador

Measures	Between (Signatory Countries)	Length	Observations
A. BILATERAL
Bilateral intelligence meetings	Colombia, Peru		Held in each country
Exchanges of cadets and officers	Colombia		Various courses are held
Joint or coordinated operations to combat narco-guerillas	Colombia		Held when the situation warrants
Use of security card on the border	Peru
Development of binational border air transport	Colombia		Weekly
Border conventions on fishing and treatment of crews	Ecuador, Peru, Colombia
B. SUBREGIONAL
- Exchanges of instructor officers in military academies and schools	Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia
- Conferences and meetings of commanding generals of the armies	All countries of South America
Measures	Between (Signatory Countries)	Length	Observations
Joint/combined naval operations	Ecuador, USA, Colombia
SAR operations	Ecuador, USA, Colombia
Courses and seminars	Chile, Colombia, USA, Brazil, Venezuela
Shiprider exchanges of officers	USA, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
Academic courses	Chile
C. HEMISPHERIC
Meeting of defense ministers	All countries in the hemisphere		United States initiative
Courses and exchanges of instructors	USA		In all courses
Joint operations employing air power	USA
Academic courses

(1) Where appropriate

TO: BRIGADIER GENERAL LUIS FRANCISCO ORTEGA MENALDO

ARMY OF GUATEMALA, DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE IADB

FROM: LIEUTENANT COLONEL ALVARO ANTONIO PALOMO

CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF EL SALVADOR TO THE IADB

DATE: 26 JUNE 1995

SUBJECT: SUBMITTAL OF LIST OF CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

In response to your request in a memorandum dated June 20 of this year, I respectfully submit for the appropriate purposes a list of Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature, drafted in the required format.

GOD, UNION, LIBERTY

/s/LIEUTENANT COLONEL

ALVARO ANTONIO PALOMO

CHIEF OF THE DELEGATION OF

EL SALVADOR TO THE IADB

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
1. Follow-up on the meeting of defense ministers	All countries in the hemisphere	1st 25-26 Jul 95 2nd/3rd Annually	USA initiative Initiative of any American State. Military strategic focus.
2. Meetings of army, air force and naval commanders	All countries in the hemisphere	Every year	Military focus
3. More participation and support by the IADB and the IADC	All countries in the hemisphere	Every year	Mainly civilians participating in the IADC, who have impact on OAS posts
4. Mine clearance operations	IADB and Central American countries	Situational	Since this is an operation of a different sort, depending on need
5. More participation and support for the School of the Americas	USA and interested countries	Every year	Exchanges of experiences
6. Combined exercises	USA and Central American countries	July 7-12	Naval exercise on the coasts of the Gulf of Fonseca
7. Exchanges of students (officers and men)	Mainly neighboring countries	Ongoing	Participation in courses such as command and staff. Special forces, etc.
8. Improve system for communications and coordination between commands	Inter-American countries	Ongoing	Continuing coordination between ministers of the region and armed forces commanders, etc.
9. Military balance of power	Neighboring countries	Ongoing	No excessive arms buildup
10. Meeting of regional defense ministers	Central American countries	Every year	Strategic military focus
11. Meetings of regional armed forces commanders	Central American countries	Every year	Regional military focus
12.More cooperation and reactivation of CONDECA	Central American countries	Ongoing	Central American Defense Council
13. More control and advance coordination of troop movements and border area exercises	Neighboring countries in the hemisphere	Ongoing	Improve coordination
14. More exchanges of information	Neighboring countries in the hemisphere	Ongoing
15. More exchanges of bibliography	All countries in the hemisphere	Ongoing	Military journals, etc.

MILITARY CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF THE ARMY OF GUATEMALA

I. Military Defense Agreements:

A. Agreements on the fight against drug trafficking

1. First meeting, Tegucigalpa (1991).

AGREEMENTS:

a. Establish an office of interregional police coordination.

b. Establish information mechanisms and join forces in the fight against drug trafficking.

2. Second meeting, Panama (1992).

AGREEMENTS:

a. Organize the exchanges of information of mutual interest through the Office of Interregional Police Coordination.

3. Third meeting, Managua (1993).

AGREEMENTS:

a. Establish a regional technical commission for dealing with drug trafficking, composed of drug enforcement chiefs.

b. Improve mechanisms for controlling registry of aircraft, ships and land transport to prevent trafficking in drugs and arms in the region.

c. Recommend to the regional commissions that our respective countries implement mechanisms for exchanges and coordination among them.

d. Urge the communications media in Central America and Panama not to evaluate drug seizures in monetary terms, in view of the damage that might have been caused to our young people and society as a whole.

e. Colombia will be invited (preferably the head of the drug enforcement campaign), to participate in the fourth meeting of chiefs of police in Central America and Panama.

4. Fourth meeting, San Salvador (1994).

AGREEMENTS:

a. Approve the information document of the Eleventh Regional Conference Against Drug Trafficking (IDEC XII).

b. Through the commissions against drug trafficking, and similar agencies in each country, urge the legislative assemblies or national congresses to appoint a national commission.

c. That chiefs of police made arrangements with their respective governments, in countries that have not yet done so, to set up the Joint Information Center (JICC).

d. That the fight against drugs should go beyond being a mere exchanges of information to joint actions through bilateral operations.

B. Agreements in the fight against theft of vehicles:

1. First meeting, Tegucigalpa (1991)

AGREEMENTS:

a. Establish an office of interregional police coordination.

2. Second meeting, Panama (1992)

AGREEMENTS:

a. Organize exchanges of information of mutual interest through the Office of Interregional Police Coordination.

3. Third meeting, Managua (1993).

a. Conduct a comparative study of legislation in force in each country.

b. Review and unify the mechanisms for monitoring and control of vehicles.

c. Improve the system of surveillance of vehicular transit, at blind spots on the borders.

d. Enhance the capabilities of specialized police personnel.

e. Design and establish an automated system for registry and control of vehicles.

f. Establish information exchange on theft of vehicles.

g. Recommend that the national police of Panama establish a single registry of vehicles.

h. Review the present use being made of various serial numbers and determine the need to standardize their use as a means of seizing stolen vehicles.

i. Invite the public security department of Costa Rica to attend the next meeting of the Regional Chiefs of Transit.

4. Fourth meeting, San Salvador (1994)

AGREEMENTS:

a. Promote collaboration and coordination in each country among the entities responsible for investigating and bringing criminal proceedings in cases of vehicle theft.

b. Establish a national information network including police institutions, insurance companies and other governmental and nongovernmental agencies involved in this field.

c. Work together with entities responsible for promulgating and enforcing laws in each country, to update penal, customs and property laws in connection with illegal trafficking in vehicles.

d. Promote cooperation and broad assistance immediately from each police organ to their counterparts in the area.

II. COMMISSION ON ARMS LIMITATIONS:

1. Proposals on prevention of trafficking in arms:

A. Exchanges of information on bands, groups or elements engaged in arms trafficking in their respective countries.

B. Establish Central American circulated lists of firearms and the mechanisms for continuous updating of the lists.

C. Strengthen mechanisms for control of customs, borders and blind spots to prevent trafficking in firearms and munitions.

D. Draft proposed laws providing for severe penalties for traffickers in firearms and munitions and regulate the kinds of weapons to be imported.

E. Exchange experiences on plans for disarming civilians.

F. Organize exchanges of information on intermediaries dealing in firearms and munitions.

G. Establish lists and inventories of firearms imported into the countries by firearms dealers in those countries.

III. COOPERATION AGREEMENTS:

Recommendations for an agreement on citizen security.

A. Promote modernization of laws on public security.

B. Define regional priorities for preventing criminal activities and establish a common strategy for dealing with crime.

C. Promote modernization and professionalization of public security structures in the region.

D. Train public security personnel and seek to acquire the necessary technical resources to deal with criminal activities, trafficking in firearms, explosives, chemical explosives and toxic substances.

E. Conduct the technical studies needed for governments to comply with international law on the number of police (one police officer for every 1,000 persons).

IV. EXCHANGES OF STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS:

A. Exchanges of instructors with the United States of America.

B. Exchanges of cadets of the Polytechnical School with West Point, USA.

C. Exchanges of instructors for courses given at the Center for Military Studies.

V. BILATERAL OR MULTILATERAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS:

New model for regional security:

There are three frames of reference for regional security that define this new approach to Central American Security.

A. The Declaration of Central America as a region of peace, liberty, democracy and development.

B. The Protocol of Tegucigalpa.

C. The Alliance for Sustainable Development.

EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS

MESSAGE:

1. I am remitting herewith Note No. C.J.FF.AA. No. 832-95 from the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of Honduras, in response to your note D-95-154.

2. Please know that this message comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

ARMED FORCES OF HONDURAS
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF

CJFFAA NOTE NO. 832-85

DEFENSE ATTACHE OF HONDURAS

WASHINGTON, D.C.

COLONEL, INFANTRY STAFF

RAMON ROSA IZAGUIRRE

1. Under instructions of the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, I am responding to your fax CEJ-033-AHW-995 dated 11 May 1995 whereby you request the COMPLETE SYSTEMATIC INVENTORY OF THE CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE THAT ARE BEING IMPLEMENTED AT THE BILATERAL, REGIONAL AND HEMISPHERIC LEVEL. It is considered that such a document should first of all reflect a Central American regional understanding, so it is considered that a response to this request should be given at another time in a comprehensive manner because it must take into consideration the views of our neighbors.

It is very important to note that on June 29 a joint press release was made public in the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) on this topic, under the responsibility of the Ministers of Defense and Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras.

2. Please know that this letter comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

LOYALTY HONOR SACRIFICE

/s/ Colonel, Artillery Staff
Alberto Cabrera Rodriguez
Aide de Camp
of the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces

EHO = 1031

DELEGATION OF MEXICO

Subject: Submission of Information on Confidence- Building Measures of a Military Nature

Brigadier General

LUIS FRANCISCO ORTEGA MENALDO

DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF OF THE IADB

Enclosed are eight charts containing the information requested regarding the Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature, now being implemented by Mexico in the bilateral, subregional and hemispheric areas.

I hereby renew the assurances of my consideration and esteem.

/s/ Chief of Delegation

Gabriel Rafael Garcia Aguillar

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE IN THE HEMISPHERE

COUNTRY: MEXICO

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start End	Observations
MEXICO is a member of the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB)	Member countries of the Board	30 Mar 42	Relating to exchanges of personnel and information.
Pursuant to UN Resolutions 49/75C "Transparency in the arms field" and 40/91B "Reduction of military budgets", Mexico provides that information to the UN.	Countries of the hemisphere; members of the UN	1994	Relating to exchanges of information whereby such information is made known to the countries of the hemisphere through the OAS
Mexico ratified the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR)	Signatory countries of the treaty	23 Nov 48	Relating to peaceful settlement of disputes
Mexico ratified the American Treaty of Peaceful Settlement (Pact of Bogota)	Signatory countries of the treaty	23 Nov 48	Idem

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE AT THE SUBREGIONAL LEVEL

COUNTRY: MEXICO

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start End

Observations

Mexico is party to the Treaty banning Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco)

Member countries of that Organization

20 Sept 67

Measures relating to nuclear matters

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE AT THE BILATERAL LEVEL

COUNTRY: MEXICO

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start End	Observations
Joint Mexico-United States Defense Commission (CMEUDC)	United States	27 Feb 42	Measures relating to exchanges of personnel and information
Board of Border Commanders	United States	1988	Measures relating to exchanges of information

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start End

Observations

Military attaches to the Embassies of Mexico, established in countries of the hemisphere

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

United States

Guatemala

Honduras

Venezuela

Brazil

El Salvador

Nicaragua

Paraguay

Canada

Peru

Cuba

Belize

1971 1973

1993

1971

1972

1973

1978

1990

Measures relating to exchanges of personnel and information

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start End

Observations

Military attaches to the Embassies of the countries of the hemisphere, established in Mexico

Chile

United States

El Salvador

Guatemala

Colombia

Honduras

Venezuela

Brazil

Cuba

Canada

1971 1973

1993

1967

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1976

1991

Measures relating to exchanges of personnel and information

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start End

Observations

Military students of countries of the hemisphere to which Mexico gives courses

Belize

Brazil

Bolivia

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Ecuador

El Salvador

United States

Guatemala

Nicaragua

Peru

Dominican Republic

Variable dates

Idem

Measures relating to exchanges of personnel, training and education

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start End

Observations

Countries of the hemisphere that offer courses for military students from Mexico

United States

Guatemala

El Salvador

Chile

Brazil

Colombia

Venezuela

Peru

Variable dates

Idem

Measures relating to exchanges of personnel, training and education

Mexico maintains exchange of military instructors with

United States

Chile

Variable dates

Idem

Measures relating to exchanges of personnel, training and education

MILITARY FORCES COMMAND PARAGUAY

JOINT STAFF

III DEPARTMENT of the Republic of Paraguay to the IADB-USA

Staff Colonel Guillermo Escobar Cariña

Washington, D.C.

I have the honor to address the Defense Attache and Chief of Delegation to the IADB-USA to acknowledge receipt of Fax No. 77/95, dated 23 June 1995, informing of and remitting the memorandum of the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB), reiterating a previous request made by Fax No. EP71/95 of 13 June of this year.

In response to the above, I attach the appendix (Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature).

/s/Mario Vázquez Ramos
Staff-Chief III Department,
Joint Chiefs of Staff

DEFENSE ATTACHE

EMBASSY OF PARAGUAY

Attention: Brigadier General Army of Guatemala

Luis F. Ortega Menaldo

SUBJECT: 1) Report. 2) Remit one (1) fax received from Paraguay

FROM: Colonel, Staff: G. Escobar F. Defense Attache-Chief

Delegation of Paraguay

REMARKS:

I have the honor to inform you of and remit one fax D-3 No. 66 of today's date, received by my country, referring to "Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature."

The fax received is a reply to the reiterated request by the Inter-American Defense Board Staff Note D-95/177 dated 20 June 1995, for the purpose of your information, consideration and appropriate purposes.

Please know that this message comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

Yours truly,

/s/Guillermo Escobar Pariña
Colonel, Staff
Defense Attache and
Chief of Delegation of Paraguay
to the IADB

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL

SUBREGIONAL

HEMISPHERIC

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start End	Observations
Movement of troops	Paraguay and US Paraguay-Argentina Argentina-Uruguay Paraguay-Brazil and the Southern Command Paraguay and Argentina Paraguay and US	5 Apr 8 Apr 95 8 May 12 May 95 15 Aug 1 Sep 95 6 Sep 9 Sep 95 12 Sep 19 Sep 95	Conf Unitas XXXVI Planning meeting SIRENA IX Unit Forces 95 in Buenos Aires Combined operation SIRENA IX Rio Paraguay area Combined operation UNITAS XXXVI
Exchange of personnel	Paraguayan cadets to West Point	30 Jul 7 Aug 95	Exchanges cadets of military academies
Communications	US and Paraguay	13 Aug 95 17 Aug 95	Conference on communications in Panama
Contacts	Paraguay and US Argentina, Paraguay, US, Brazil, Uruguay	1 Aug 11 Aug 95 27 Aug 95 29 Aug 95	Exchange visits of US & Paraguayan air forces Official visit to the United Forces exercise in OS AS

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start End

Observations

Training and Education

Paraguay and US

Argentina and Paraguay

Paraguay, Chile

Paraguay and UN

23 Jan 27 Jan 95

1 Apr 9 Apr 95

8 Mar 6 Apr 95

1 May 20 Jun 95

19 Jun 20 Jun 95

25 Jun 30 Jun 95

27 Jun 30 Jun 95

Civilian emergency seminar III Department (CMC)

Short and long term military planning seminar

Training of joint special forces (with presidential GDIA)

Seminar "Solution of problems of civic-military action" in the ECEME

Seminar "Role of the armed forces in MERCOSUR"

Symposium on strategic studies of the joint defense general staff in Chile

Exchanges of legal experts

/s/Mario Vásquez Ramos

Chief III Department Joint General Staff

DELEGATION OF PERU TO THE IADB

FROM: Chief of the Delegation of Peru to the IADB:

TO: Brigadier General PAF James R. Harding, Chairman of the IADB

SUBJECT: Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature

REFERENCE: a. Memorandum EM-JID, of 18 May 95 and b. Memorandum D-95/177 of 20 June 95

In relation to the reference documents I am pleased to remit herewith the list of Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature that the High Commands of the Peruvian armed forces are applying in the roundtables being held every year with their counterparts of Bolivia, Colombia and Chile.

Please know that this communication comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

/s/Jose Cabrejos Samame
Brigadier General Peruvian Army
Chief of the Delegation of Peru
to the IADB

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES THAT ARE BEING APPLIED IN TALKS BETWEEN THE SENIOR COMMANDERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF PERU AND THEIR COUNTERPARTS FROM BOLIVIA, COLOMBIA, AND CHILE

Combined military exercises. (o)

Bilateral talks on intelligence.

Exchange of military personnel in courses, instruction cruises, historical events, and other professional activities.

Meetings on protocol, professional, and intelligence matters between commanders of border garrisons and naval zones.

Reciprocal invitations to cultural, artistic, professional, and sporting events.

Exchange of journals and publications of interest to the armed forces.

Facilities to spur tourism by military personnel of both countries.

Technical and logistical cooperation.

(o) With the Chilean armed forces, only combined naval exercises.

UNITED STATES DELEGATION

INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD

MEMORANDUM FOR DIRECTOR OF THE STAFF

INTER-AMERICAN DEFENSE BOARD

Subject: List of Confidence- and Security-Building Measures

As requested,* the United States Delegation submits its list of confidence- and security-building measures of a military nature.

Please receive my highest personal esteem.

/s/M. J. Byron

Major General, USMC

Chief, U.S. Delegation

Inter-American Defense Board

ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF
POSSIBLE CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
OF A MILITARY NATURE

At its 1994 General Assembly session, the Organization of American States (OAS) passed resolution AG/RES. 1288 which called upon member states to disseminate comprehensive and systematic inventories of their confidence- and security-building measures (CSBMs) used in this hemisphere. For structure of a format, the resolution cited the "Illustrative List of Possible CSBMs" in the region. The Meeting of Experts convened in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in March 1994, and developed a list which was divided into the four categories of political, diplomatic, educational and cultural, and military measures. In June 1995, the OAS General Assembly asked the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) to complete a list of CSBMs of a military nature too.

As part of the U.S. Government's participation in the first-time reporting by OAS member states of such measures, the Department of Defense has prepared the following list of military measures. The structure is based upon the section of the Illustrative List titled "IV. of a Military Nature." The DoD intends to provide this information to the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency for inclusion in the fuller USG report. That report is to be provided to the OAS in time for Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Conference being hosted by Chile in November 1995.

A. Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Relating to Troops and Army Development

1. Advance notification of maneuvers that their own units or those of third countries undertake within a certain distance from coasts and borders.

Ongoing:

$ The U.S. Department of Defense provides public affairs announcements of significant military exercises and deployments by units training in and around Latin America and the Caribbean.

Periodic:

$ Same as above.

2. Advance notification of identification, planned route, and purpose of military units that are expected to be within a certain distance.

Ongoing:

$ Situational.

Periodic:

$ No input at this time.

3. Radio contact between border forces, through periodic communications, in order to coordinate activities undertaken by all organs at the border, thus obviating the possibility of tension through misunderstanding.

Ongoing:

$ Situational.

Periodic:

$ Radio and computer links between U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay and Cuban defense forces.

4. Meetings of naval and air officials to deal with navigation issues.

Ongoing:

$ Inter-American Naval Conferences of the Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) and its specialized supporting conferences. The primary conferences include: Directors of Naval War Colleges and War Games, Helicopter Operations from Ships other than Aircraft Carriers, Naval Control of Maritime Traffic, Operations of Coastline and River Patrols and Traffic of Narcotics and Arms, and Directors of Communications, Science and Technology.

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces (SICOFFA) and its Permanent Secretariat and nine functional committees. The primary committees include: Accident Prevention, Control of Illegal Flights, Information Systems- Telecommunications, Search and rescue, and Training.

Periodic:

$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC), hosted biennially by U.S. Navy, and attended by seventeen hemispheric states at 1994 session.

$ International Seapower Symposium (ISS), hosted biennially by U.S. Navy, and attended by 70 states worldwide, including eighteen hemispheric states.

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces (SICOFFA) and its annual Conference of the Chiefs of the American Air Forces (CONJEFAMER), attended by its eighteen member hemispheric states.

5. Invitations to armed forces of neighboring countries to send observers to maneuvers and troop exercises carried out in areas near the respective borders.

Ongoing:

$ DoD has extended invitations to observe exercises in Puerto Rico and at bases in the United States on an "as-occurring" opportunity basis. In addition, and with the concurrence of host governments, invitations to attend exercises in other countries are extended for observers from third countries.

Periodic:

$ No input at this time.

B. Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Relating to Exchanges of Information

1. Measures to reinforce mechanisms for information on and cooperation in search and rescue operations.

Ongoing:

$ Situational.

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces (SICOFFA) and its functional committee on Search and Rescue.

Periodic:

$ No input at this time.

2. Periodic meetings between general staffs of armed forces.

Ongoing:

$ Situational.

$ Navy Staff Talks among Argentina, Canada and U.S.

$ Standing Naval Committee between Argentina and U.S. (Atlantic Fleet).

Periodic:

$ Argentina-U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Consultations, conducted annually.

$ Brazil-U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Consultations, conducted annually.

$ Chile-U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Consultations, conducted annually.

$ Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission (JMUSDC), between Mexico and U.S.

$ Caribbean Island Nations Security Conference (CINSEC), conducted annually among Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and U.S. Canada attends as an observer.

$ Permanent Joint board of Defense (PJBD) and the Military Cooperation Committee (MCC), between Canada and U.S.

$ Armed Forces Council-Joint Chiefs of Staff (AFC-JCS) Meeting, between Canada and U.S.

3. Exchanges of information on military budgets.

Ongoing:

$ No input at this time.

Periodic:

$ Secretary of Defense's "Annual Report to the President and the Congress" is made available annually in February to the public, interested governments, and other parties. This tranaparency measure dates to the mid-1960s. It is provided within the hemisphere as a U.S. "white paper" as opportunities arise during bilateral and multilateral working level meetings. Copies will be delivered to all national delegations attending the Defense Ministerial of the Americas, July 1995.

4. Exchanges of information on production and acquisitions of new equipment and weapons.

Ongoing:

$ Counterpart visits by and office calls on senior and mid-level civilian and military DoD officials, including Unified Commanders.

Periodic:

$ Secretary of Defense's Annual Report to the President and the Congress" is made available annually in February to the public, interested governments, and other parties. This tranaparency measure dates to the mid-1960s. It is provided within the hemisphere as a U.S. "white paper" as opportunities arise during bilateral and multilateral working level meetings. Copies will be delivered to all national delegations attending the Defense Ministerial of the Americas, July 1995.

5. Exchanges of information of military doctrine and organization.

Ongoing:

$ Counterpart visits by and office calls on senior and mid-level civilian and military DoD officials, including Unified Commanders.

$ U.S. Delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB).

$ Inter-American Defense College (IADC).

$ Navy Trilateral Wargame among Argentina, Canada and U.S.

Periodic:

$ Secretary of Defense's Annual Report to the President and the Congress" is made available annually in February to the public, interested governments, and other parties. This transparency measure dates to the mid-1960s. It is provided within the hemisphere as a U.S. "white paper" as opportunities arise during bilateral and multilateral working level meetings. Copies will be delivered to all national delegations attending the Defense Ministerial of the Americas, July 1995.

$ Conference of the American Armies (CAA) and its seven specialized conferences/symposia, specifically the Training and Military Education Conference.

$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) and its seven specialized conferences.

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces and its nine functional committees.

$ Caribbean Islands Nations Security Conference (CINSEC).

$ International Seapower Symposium (ISS).

6. More active participation in the United Nations registry of conventional arms and the instrument for the standard international presentation of reports on military expenditures.

Ongoing:

$ No input at this time.

Periodic:

$ United Nations Conventional Arms Register submission is made annually to report on imports and exports of conventional arms in accordance with the sevel specified categories of conventional arms. This report has been made since the inception of such U.N. reporting in the 1970s.

$ United Nations Standardized Reporting of Military Expenditures is made annual to report on the general expenditure categories a basis of U.S. military departments. This report has been made since the system was established in the 1980s.

C. Confidence-and Security-Building Measures relating to Exchanges of Personnel

1. Visits and exchanges of personnel of military unit.

Ongoing:

$ Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs) are short visits by 3-4 experts of a U.S. Military Service who exchange information with counterparts of another nation on a mutually agreed area.

$ Personnel Exchange Program (PEP) is a reciprocal exchange of personnel between a U.S. Military Service and a similar unit of another nation's Military Service.

Periodic:

$ Situational in conjunction with the smaller-sized U.S. military deployments for training and the relatively larger Joint/Combined Exercises sponsored by the U.S. Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, which involve varying combinations of U.S. active, Reserve and National Guard personnel.

D. Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Relating to Communications

1. Direct and frequent communication between commands so as to ensure exchanges of information that will provide proper knowledge of each other's military activities.

Ongoing:

$ Situational by U.S. Unified Commands and their subordinate commands and elements.

$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) and its seven Specialized Inter-American Naval Conferences, particularly the Inter-American Telecommunications Network (IATN).

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces (SICOFFA) and its Permanent Secretariat and nine functional committees, particularly Information Systems- Telecommunications, and common high frequency communications system.

Periodic:

$ Conference of the American Armies (CAA), annual sessions.

$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC), biennial sessions.

$ International Seapower Symposium (ISS), biennial sessions.

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces (SICOFFA) and its annual Conference of the Chiefs of the American Air Forces (CONJEFAMER).

E. Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Relating to Contacts

1. Normal security procedures during operations of naval and air units in accordance with international agreements currently in force.

Ongoing:

$ Situational.

Periodic:

$ Inter-American Naval Conference (IANC) biennial sessions.

$ International Seapower Symposium (INS) biennial sessions.

$ System of Cooperation Among American Air Forces (SICOFFA) and its annual Conference of the Chiefs of the American Air Forces (CONJEFAMER).

Exchanges of experiences in:

$ the organization and structure of defense ministries and armed forces

$ peace operations

$ the analysis of concrete problems of mutual interest

Ongoing:

$ Situational, including counterpart visits by and office calls on senior and mid-level civilian and military DoD officials, including Unified Commanders.

Periodic:

$ Defense Ministerial of the Americas, Jul6 1995.

$ Annual Argentina-U.S. Bilateral Working Group, alternating host country and site.

$ Brazil-U.S. Army Staff Talks, normally held annually.

$ Peacekeeping Round Table hosted by U.S. Army War College involving Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay, and U.S.

F. Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Relating to Training and Education

1. Exchanges of military personnel of different ranks in diverse areas, such as:

$ survival training

$ training courses in confidence- and security-building measures

$ general staff training courses of higher ranks

$ military basic and advanced military training and instruction courses

$ exchanges of basic information on confidence- and security-building measures

$ exchanges of cadets, students and advisors

Ongoing:

$ Programs dedicated to hemispheric training and education include:

$$ Inter-American Defense College (IADC), Washington, D.C.

$$ U.S. Army School of the Americas, Ft. Benning, Georgia.

$$ Inter-American Air Forces Academy (IAAFA), Lacklaaand AFB, Texas.

$ U.S. Navy Small Craft Instruction and Technical Training School (NAVSCIATTS), Rodman Naval Station, Panama.

$ General U.S. training and education programs also are provided under:

$$ U.S. International Military Education and Training (IMET) Program which funds the more traditional IMET training courses and the post-Cold War "Expanded-IMET" training for students of a number of countries in U.S. military schools which are located throughout the U.S.

$$ U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Training Program funded by national funds of second party countries wishing to attend U.S. military schools which are located throughout the U.S.

Periodic:

$ No input at this time.

2. Meetings between military academies.

Ongoing:

$ Situational, by visits exchanges.

Periodic:

$ Annual attendance at the U.S. Military Academy, U.S. Naval Academy, and U.S. Air Force Academy is encouraged through invitations extended by the U.S. to all interested hemispheric states. Those states nominate students to compete for entrance based upon their individual qualifications.

$ U.S. Service Academy Exchange Programs by each of the three Service Academies are conducted annually. Each U.S. academy sends an instructor and several students to a country for a week's visit and cadets/midshipmen from that host country visit the sponsoring U.S. Service Academy.

3. Plans for visits to and exchanges with commands and units of the different armed forces.

Ongoing:

$ Conducted in conjunction with frequent small unit U.S. military deployments for training, ship rider exchanges with U.S. Navy, and the more regularly organized U.S. Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, sponsored Joint/Combined Exercise Program (implemented by the U.S. Unified Commands). These programs offer opportunities for U.S. active, Reserve, and National Guard units to interact with counterparts in various countries throughout the hemisphere.

Periodic:

$ Situational.

4. Exchanges of military personnel specializing in personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, civilian affairs, information processing, and others that may be of interest.

Ongoing:

$ Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs) are short visits by 3-4 experts of a U.S. Military Service who exchange information with counterparts of another nation on a mutually agreed area.

$ Personnel Exchange Program (PEP) is a reciprocal exchange of personnel between a U.S. Military Service and a similar unit of another nation's Military Service.

Periodic:

$ Situational.

5. Combined training operations between armed forces.

Ongoing:

$ Situational.

$ Passing Exercises (PASSEXs) between naval units as they come into proximity while transiting international waters.

Periodic:

$ USSOUTHCOM conducts, annually, approximately 13 combined exercises with different nations of Central and South America.

$ USACOM conducts, annually, approximately three major exercises with the same participating nations. One naval exercise, in 36th year, is conducted with South American in conjunction with USSOUTHCOM, and two with Caribbean states.

6. Participation of commissioned and noncommissioned officers in athletic and cultural activities held by the armed forces of other countries.

Ongoing:

$ Conducted as time permits in conjunction with combined exercises, deployments for training, ship visits, and aircraft visits.

Periodic:

$ No input at this time.

7. Interest of considering the possibility and advisability of a subsequent study of aspects of the verification of confidence-building measures.

Ongoing:

$ DoD is participating in conjunction with the U.S. Delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) in efforts by the IADB to pursue such measures. The Inter-American Defense College (IADC) might support such efforts through individual student and institutional research.

$ Theme of "Transparency and Confidence- and Security-Building Measures" was proposed by the U.S. for discussion at the Defense Ministerial of the Americas and counterpart governments concurred.

Periodic:

$ No input at this time.

URUGUAYAN DELEGATION

Chairman
Inter-American Defense Board
Brigadier General John C. Ellerson
Washington, D.C.

Enclosed is the information received from the National Defense Ministry of Uruguay on Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature, of the three armed forces.

Yours truly,

/s/Dínor Ramírez
Chief of the Delegation of Uruguay
to the IADB
Brigadier General (AV)

Minister of National Defense

Sir:

Pursuant to the note dated 1 June 1995, I attach herewith a photocopy of the information provided to me by the Commanders in Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, regarding Mutual Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature.

Know that this letter comes with the assurances of my highest esteem and consideration.

/s/Raúl Iturria

Minister of National Defense

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION

COUNTRY: ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
CSO.Polytechnic Military Engineering	Chile	Dec. 93/ June 98	In Chile
CSO Stability of Propellants of Munitions of A.	Chile	2 May 95/ 4 Jun 95	In Chile
CSO Advanced Officers Training	Brazil	Feb 95/ Feb 96	In Brazil
CSO Training Techniques	Brazil	Mar 95/ Mar 96	In Brazil
CSO Physical Education Instructor	Brazil	Feb 95/ Feb 96	In Brazil
CSO General Staff	USA	Jan 95/ Jan 96	In USA
Instructor invited to School of the Americas	USA	Jan 95/ Jan 97	In USA
CSO Advanced Tanks	USA	Mar 95/ Oct 95	In USA
CSO Basic Tanks	USA	June 95/ Nov 95	In USA
Exchanges of Cadets	Chile	10 Sept 95/ 20 Sept 95	In Chile
Exchanges of Cadets	Argentina	20 Oct 95/ 8 Oct 95	In Argentina
Exchanges of Cadets	Brazil	1 Jun 95/ 7 Jun 95	In Brazil
Exchanges of Cadets	USA	29 Jul 95/ 8 Aug 95	In USA
Communications Conference in Peace Operations	USA	13 Aug 95/ 17 Aug 95	In Panama
General Staff Course	Argentina	Mar 95/ Mar 96	In Uruguay
General Staff Course	Brazil	Mar 95/ Mar 96	In Uruguay
General Staff Course	USA	Mar 95/ Mar 96	In Uruguay
Exchanges of Cadets	Argentina	1 Aug 95/ 7 Aug 95	In Uruguay
Exchanges of Cadets	Brazil	9 May 95/ 15 May 95	In Uruguay
Exchanges of Cadets	Chile	1 Sept 95/ 11 Sept 95	In Uruguay
Exchanges of Cadets	USA	15 Mar 95/ 26 Mar 95	In Uruguay
Exchanges of Experts in Instruction and Training	USA	10 May 95/ 12 May 95	In Uruguay
Joint Light Infantry Exercise	USA	15 Jul 95/ 16 Aug 95	In Uruguay
Exchanges of Legal Experts in International Law	USA	17 Apr 95/ 21 Apr 95	In Uruguay
Visit Delegation Inter-American Defense College	USA	13 Mar	In Uruguay
Civic Military Seminar "Civilian matters in peace missions"	USA	17 Jun 95/ 29 Jun 95	In Uruguay

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF PERSONNEL

COUNTRY: ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start/End

Observations

Visit jungle operations training center

USA

6 Jun 95/

15 Jun 95

In Panama

Visit units of A

USA

27 Aug 95/

3 Sept 95

In USA

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION

COUNTRY: ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
Science and technology and health conference	CEA	2 Apr 95/ 7 Apr 95	Training and education in Argentina
Planning meeting exercise peace force 95	USA Argentina	1 May 95/ 4 May 95	In Argentina
Exercise peace force 95	USA Argentina	21 Aug 95/ 31 Aug 95	In Argentina
Conference on Civilian affairs of American Armies	CEA	9 May 95/ 13 May 95	In Guatemala
Conference on Logistics of American Armies	CEA	31 Jul 94/ 5 Aug 94	In Brazil
Symposium of directors of war academies	CEA	18 Oct 94/ 21 Oct 94	In Chile

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO EDUCATION

COUNTRY: ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
Specialized communications conference	CEA	13 May 95/ 21 May 95	In Chile
CEA	CEA	6 Nov 95/ 10 Nov 95	In Argentina
Exercise RETIFAA No. 1/95	CEA	Feb 95	Liaison by networks
Exercise RETIFAA No. 2/95	CEA	Aug 95	Liaison by networks

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION

COUNTRY: ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start/End

Observations

American armies Intelligence conference

CEA

6 Nov 95/

10 Nov 95

In Argentina

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL COMPETENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO CONTACTS

COUNTRY: ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start/End

Observations

Peace Operations Symposium

OAS-UNESCO

1 Apr 95/

6 Apr 95

In USA

OPM Conference of the Western Hemisphere

USA

21 May 95/

30 May 95

In USA

APPENDIX 1

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(FORMAT)

BILATERAL

COUNTRY: URUGUAY

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
Integration sensitive technology	Argentina	1991	Representative of the Navy in Bariloche
Operation SALVEX	Brazil
Operation TENDEREZ	Brazil
Operation CIMARRON	Argentina	1970
Operation AMIGOS	Brazil	1983
Treaty on Limits of Rio de la Plata	Argentina	1973
Pan American Congress of Naval Engineers	Peru	6/10/95/ 6/17/95
Officers in General Staff Course in Uruguay	Chile
Fleet Visit. Notice of AI Instruction Uruguay	Brazil
Visit of Ships of Fifth District	Brazil	Annual
Attendance of Senior Officers Operation AYACUCHO	Peru	12/5/64 12/8/64	General staff
Sample naval materiel in Viña del Mar Naval Air base	Chile	5/2/95 5/6/95
Sample Naval Materiel of US Navy	United States	4/22/95 4/29/95
Quality Control Course on Medical Radio Diagnosis	Brazil	4/17/95 6/17/95
Foreign students graduating from the naval school in Uruguay	Bolivia	1982/ 1986

APPENDIX 1

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(FORMAT)

SUBREGIONAL

COUNTRY: URUGUAY

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
OTAS-Operation Atlasur	Brazil Argentina South Africa	4/30/95 6/22/95
COMAN-Instruction and training flights for senior and subordinate personnel	Chile-Brazil Argentina	2/5/61
Flight training of G/M graduates from the naval school	Chile Brazil Argentina	Annual
Travel for training on sailing school ship "Capitán Miranda" D G/M foreigners	Paraguay-Brazil Argentina-Chile

APPENDIX 1

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

(FORMAT)

HEMISPHERIC

COUNTRY: URUGUAY

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
UNITAS		1960 Annual	In its various stages
CNI and CNIE		1959 Biennial
Maritime traffic control exercises (COAMAS ESPORGOL-Oceanic)		Annual
Courses for officers of ESMAY-FUSNA-COMAN-GRUBU-SOHMA-EMINT		Annual
War games		Annual
Visit of foreign training ships		Annual
Operation America		1987/ 1987	Tactical operations [illegible]

Ministry of National Defense

From: Minister of National Defense Dr. Juan Luis Storace

To: Chief of Delegation to the IADB and Adviser to the OAS Brigadier General (AV) Dinor Ramirez

In order to process correctly the information that was requested of us by Note dated 10 June 1995, I submit to you a photocopy of the data provided by the Commander in Chief of the Air Force regarding Confidence-Building Measures of a Military Nature. Please replace the four last pages accompanying our note No. 105/95 dated 20 July submitted to you, with the documentation attached herewith.

Yours truly,

/s/Dr. Juan Luis Storace

Acting Minister of National Defense

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF PERSONNEL

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start/End

Observations

Planning KOMBI 95

USA

5/13/95/

5/23/95

Visit USAF

USA

Aug/Aug

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
XXXV Preplan	USA	2/11/95 2/19/95
Training Committee	Chile	10/23/95 10/27/95
PREVAC Committee	Venezuela	11/14/95 11/21/95
SAR-APCADE Committee	Canada	8/9/95 8/16/95
ALM Committee	Colombia	10/16/95 10/20/95
COVI Committee	USA	10/2/95 10/6/95
CIMFA Committee	Brazil	9/11/95 9/15/95
COCITAE Committee	Chile	11/27/95 12/1/95
LAT Logistics Seminar	USA	4/30/95 5/10/95

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO COMMUNICATIONS

Measures

Among

Signatory

Countries

Length

Start/End

Observations

SITFAA Committees

Argentina

10/30/95

11/3/95

MUTUAL CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES OF A MILITARY NATURE

BILATERAL CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES

RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Measures	Among Signatory Countries	Length Start/End	Observations
EMA Training Cruise	Chile	Nov/ Nov	Chile
PC-7 Simulator	Chile	7/16/95 9/15/95	Chile
COND.Air Support	Argentina	6/4/95 6/17/95	Argentina
CSO General Staff	Chile	1/11/95 12/22/95	Chile
Pilot instruction, flight instruction	USA	10/23/95 12/14/95	USA
SIM.EMB.110	Brazil	7/9/95 7/15/95	Brazil
General Staff and Air Command	USA	6/20/95 6/26/95	USA
Guest training.	USA	7/3/95 7/20/96	USA
DLI/SAM F	USA	2/28/95 8/13/95	USA
Radar Op.	Brazil	9/11/95 10/26/95	Brazil
Flight physiology	Brazil	11/20/95 11/24/95	Brazil
INT.Cadets	Brazil	6/29/95 7/13/95	Brazil

MEETING OF EXPERTS ON CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES IN THE REGION

March 15-18, 1994
Buenos Aires, Argentina

OEA/Ser.K/XXIX
SEGRE/doc.42/94 rev. 1
28 March 1994
Original: Spanish

REPORT OF THE RAPPORTEUR OF THE MEETING OF EXPERTS
ON CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES
IN THE REGION

RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION

Through Resolution AG/RES.1237(XXIII-0/93), the General Assembly resolved to conduct on a date following the Twenty-Fourth Regular Session a meeting of experts on Confidence-Building Measures and Security Mechanisms in the Region and to instruct the Permanent Council to prepare, through the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, the agenda and guidelines for conducting that meeting. It also decided to request the Permanent Council to report to the twenty-fourth regular session on compliance with this resolution.

Pursuant to the foregoing, the Meeting of Experts was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 15-18, 1994.

This document constitutes the report on the Meeting of Experts on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures in the Region, convoked pursuant to Resolution AG/RES.1237(XXIII-0/93).

II. INSTALLATION AND OFFICERS OF THE MEETING

The Provisional Chairman of the Meeting of Experts, Guido Di Tella, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship of Argentina, opened the meeting on the morning of March 15.

The meeting then proceeded to hold a preparatory session chaired by Ambassador Hernán Patiño Mayer, Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, in which decisions were made on the officers of the meeting, the draft agenda, and the draft schedule, for submission to the plenary session for its consideration.

At the plenary session, Ambassador Rogelio Pfirter, Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Argentina, was elected chairman of the meeting.

In addition, the following representatives were elected as vice chairman:

-- First Vice Chairman - Ambassador David Peel, Chief of the Delegation of Canada

-- Second Vice Chairman - Ambassador Albert Lewis, Chief of the Delegation of Antigua and Barbuda

-- Third Vice Chairman - Mr. Jorge Burgos, Chief of the Delegation of Chile

-- Fourth Vice Chairman - Mr. Norman Wulf, Chief of the Delegation of the United States of America

-- Fifth Vice Chairman - Ambassador Hugo Palma, Chief of the Delegation of Peru

Four working committees were set up, with instructions to study the five items of the agenda that was adopted at the plenary session (SEGRE/doc.2/94).

The plenary decided that the five officers elected as vice chairmen would serve as chairmen of the five working committees established, respectively.

Secretary Paulo Cordeiro de Andrade Pinto, of the Delegation of Brazil, was elected rapporteur.

At that same session, the draft agenda (SEGRE/doc.2/94) and draft schedule of the meeting (SEGRE/doc.15/94 rev.1) were approved.

III. TOPICS ASSIGNED TO THE WORKING COMMITTEES

The plenary decided to assign study of the five agenda items to the following working committees.

Working Committee I: Measures for strengthening and enhancing confidence: their significance and purpose.

Working Committee II: List and analysis of measures that might help to strengthen and broaden mutual confidence in the region: military measures/other measures/measures for prevention, managing and peaceful settlement of disputes.

Working Committee III: Favorable political context for implementing measures to strengthen and broaden confidence in the region.

Working Committee IV: OAS and hemisphere security: Analysis and perspectives/mutual confidence measures/ cooperation with the United Nations on this topic.

Working Committee V: Recent developments in confidence building measures at the United Nations.

IV. PROCEEDINGS

A. Working Committee I

The Chairman of Working Committee I, Ambassador David Peel, Chief of the Delegation of Canada, opened the committee.

During discussion of the topic under consideration, the delegations of Brazil, Venezuela, Canada, Argentina, Peru, El Salvador, Mexico, Colombia, United States, Ecuador, Uruguay, Bolivia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Chile, as well as the observer from the Republic of Germany made statements on the subject.

At the session, documents classified SEGRE/doc.19, 22, 23, 26 and 27/94, submitted by the delegations of the United States, Canada, Argentina, Peru, and the representative of the observer from the German Republic, respectively, were distributed.

On adjourning the Working Committee, the Chairman summarized the discussions in it, which are attached as Appendix I to this report.

B. Working Committee II

Working Committee II was opened its Chairman, Ambassador Albert Lewis, Chief of the Delegation of Antigua and Barbuda.

Ambassador Hernán Patiño Mayer, Representative of Argentina and Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security of the OAS Permanent Council, introduced the topic. In his statement, he stressed that the particular characteristics of the American hemisphere, especially the dedication to understanding and peaceful relations among the countries in the area, provide the opportunity to try to draft, without automatically extrapolating foreign models, a regional list of confidence-building measures.

He also observed that, to that end and in order to organize the presentations, three categories of such measures have been identified, namely: 1. Military measures; 2. Other measures; and 3. Measures for prevention, management and peaceful settlement of disputes.

The Committee heard statements from the delegations of Peru, United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay, and from the observers from Spain and France. At the session, documents classified SEGRE/doc. 19 add.1, 22 and 29, 30 and 31, submitted by the delegations of the United States, Canada, Argentina, Bolivia and Colombia, were distributed.

As a result of the various comments made during the meeting on the topic assigned to the Committee, it was decided to set up a working group, open to participation by all delegations, with instructions to draw up an illustrative list of measures of possible applications for promoting confidence and security.

The Chairman of the working group, General Antonio Fichera, of Argentina, submitted a draft list to the committee. The Chairman of the committee said that the list drafted represents the results of its work carried out in considering the second agenda item.

Based on an exchange of opinions on the list submitted, the committee adopted the list, which is attached as Appendix II to this report, for submission to the plenary for consideration.

The commission stated that it was desirable to include in the list a chapter on economic measures, and considered that the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security would continue the study of those measures.

C. Working Committee III

Working Committee III was chaired by the Assistant Secretary of War of the Ministry of National Defense and Chief of the Delegation of Chile, Mr. Jorge Burgos.

Ambassador Hernán Patiño Mayer, Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, introduced the topic, stressing that, based on the agreements reached at the preparatory meeting sessions, the topic was organized based on three items on the agenda, that is: analysis and perspectives, mutual confidence-building measures, and cooperation with the United Nations on this subject.

Taking part in the committee's discussions were the delegations of the United States, Argentina, Chile, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, Antigua and Barbuda, Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico. Documents classified SEGRE/doc.19 add. 2 and 24 were distributed.

On adjoining the committee, the Chairman gave a summary of the discussions, which is attached as Appendix III to this report.

D. Working Committee IV

Working Committee IV was chaired by Mr. Norman Wulf, Assistant Director for Nonproliferation and Regional Control of Arms, of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

On opening the session, the Chairman of the committee, in his capacity as delegate of the United States, gave a detailed statement on his delegation's viewpoints regarding the topic.

Thereupon , Ambassador Hernán Patiño Mayer, in his capacity as Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, made an introductory statement on the topic assigned by the plenary to the fourth committee.

In discussing the topic under consideration, the following delegations took the floor: Antigua and Barbuda, Jamaica, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Canada, and Ecuador. Also, the Chairman of the Special Committee took part in the discussion.

Documents classified SEGRE/doc.19 add. 3, and 25 were distributed.

On adjourning the committee, the Chairman gave a summary of its discussions, which is attached as Appendix IV to this report.

E. Working Committee V

Working Committee V was chaired by Ambassador Hugo Palma, Chief of the Delegation of Peru.

Ambassador Hernán Patiño Mayer, Representative of Argentina and Chairman of the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security of the OAS Permanent Council, gave a brief introduction to the topic.

The Committee heard statements by the Delegation of Peru. At the session, documents classified SEGRE/doc.19, 36 add. 4 were distributed.

On adjourning the committee, the Chairman gave a summary of its discussions, which is attached as Appendix V to this report.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

At its final plenary session, the meeting adopted the recommendations contained in the document classified SEGRE/doc.41/94, which appears in Appendix VI.

VI. CLOSING SESSION

The Meeting of Experts held a closing session, in which His Excellency the President of the Argentine Republic, Dr. Carlos Saúl Menem, and Ambassador João Clemente Baena Soares, Secretary General of the Organization of American States, made statements.

APPENDIX I

SUMMARY OF THE CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE I

Upon adjourning Working Committee I, the Chairman summarized the work of the committee, stressing the following aspects.

During consideration of the topic assigned to the committee, the various statements and a wide-ranging exchanges of views showed a positive approach to the work of the experts represented at the meeting. The various approaches and outlooks expressed in the discussions that took place in the meeting served to enhance the knowledge and understanding of the representatives.

In particular, the following points and comments were highlighted:

Confidence-building measures should be implemented in a broad political context.

Confidence-building measures may be part of a security strategy for individual countries, but should also reflect the security concerns of all participants.

Confidence-building measures should be taken into consideration in a political context, whose target is also to increase mutual confidence.

Member states of the hemisphere maintain cooperative relations that can be characterized as positive, and it was pointed out that the hemisphere is one of the areas with the least armaments in the world.

There is currently a high degree of confidence among member states in the hemisphere.

There are real possibilities for developing regional cooperation and integration.

In this context, the OAS should consider confidence-building measures to further strengthen the good relations existing among the countries in the region.

It was recognized that the concept of security is not a strictly military term. The concept comprises various elements, including social, economic and development issues, as well as threats from, among others, illicit trafficking in arms and drugs, and environmental problems.

It was recognized that the concerns of the small island states of the Caribbean are different from those of the other states and should be taken into consideration.

Close participation of the military in security matters is very important for developing and implementing confidence-building measures.

Mandatory use of mechanisms for peaceful settlement of disputes and renouncing the use of force are perceived as important measures. It will be difficult to build confidence where old military rivalries persist in the region.

Confidence-building measures cannot be imported from other regions. They must be developed within the hemisphere or, at least, be adequately adapted to meet the real situations in the hemisphere.

Confidence-building measures are not of a single kind. They can be bilateral, developed among subregional groups, or of a broader multilateral kind.

Several delegations described some confidence-building measures already being successfully implemented, which show that it is possible to be creative and practical in conceiving such measures.

The efforts of the OAS should complement, not duplicate, the work of the United Nations.

APPENDIX II

SUMMARY OF THE CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE II

Upon adjourning Working Committee II, the Chairman summarized the committee's work. The committee adopted the following list, which was drafted by the working group, on the understanding that a chapter on economic measures will be added:

ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF CONFIDENCE- AND
SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES THAT COULD BE TAKEN

I. POLITICAL MEASURES

Increase in joint policy planning at appropriate levels for consideration of matters of common interest.

Promote legislative contacts for discussion of security questions.

Study of appropriate measures to effectively honor the solemn commitments to peace, non-use of force in international relations, respect for international law and peaceful settlement of disputes.

Reiterate that representative democracy is the indispensable condition for peace.

Political overtures to demonstrate the purpose of promoting peace and inter-American cooperation in its multiple facets.

Close cooperation for eradication of transnational criminal activities that affect peace and democracy.

Strengthening of regional cooperation programs to respond to natural disasters in coordination with existing organizations.

Prioritization of joint development projects, particularly in border areas.

Adequate access to technology for satellite sensing. systems.

Increase in cooperation on environmental issues.

II. DIPLOMATIC MEASURES

Introduction of courses in foreign service institutes on disarmament, arms limitation and related topics.

Promote regional and extraregional support for conducting educational and cultural studies relating to peace and development.

Studies and research, preferably jointly with professional groups from other countries, on security and defense issues.

Seminars on the media's responsibility in shaping and guiding public opinion on security issues.

III. EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL MEASURES

Promotion of studies on disarmament, security and development.

Development of regional and international support for educational and cultural studies on peace and development.

Studies and research, preferably done jointly with professional groups from other countries, on topics relating to security and defense.

Seminars on the responsibility of the media in forming and guiding public opinion on security questions.

IV. MILITARY MEASURES

A. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TROOP AND ARMY DEPLOYMENT

Advance notification of maneuvers that their own units or those of third countries undertake within a certain distance from coasts and borders.

Advance notification of identification, planned route, and purpose of military units that are expected to be within a certain distance.

Radio contact between border forces, through periodic communications, in order to coordinate activities undertaken by all organs at the border, thus obviating the possibility of tension through misunderstanding.

Meetings of naval and air officers to deal with navigation issues.

Invitations to armed forces of neighboring countries to send observers to maneuvers and troop exercises carried out in areas near the respective borders.

B. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO INFORMATION EXCHANGE

Strengthening of machinery for information and cooperation on search and rescue operations.

Periodic meetings of the general staffs of the armed forces.

Exchange of information on military budgets.

Exchange of information on production and/or purchase of new equipment and weapons.

Exchange of information on military doctrine and organization.

More active participation in the United Nations Register of Conventional Weapons and the instrument for standardized international presentation of reports of military expenditures.

C. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO PERSONNEL EXCHANGE

Personnel exchange visits to military unit.

D. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO COMMUNICATIONS

Direct and frequent communication between authorities with a view to ensuring exchange of information that will permit comprehensive reciprocal understanding of military activities.

E. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO CONTACTS

Normal safety procedures when naval and air units are in operation, in accordance with the international agreements in force.

Sharing of experiences on:

-- organization and structure of defense ministries and armed forces

-- peacekeeping operations

-- analysis of specific problems of mutual interest.

F. CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES RELATING TO TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Exchange of military personnel of various ranks on diverse subjects, such as:

-- survival training

-- confidence- and security-building measures training

-- general staff and higher level courses

-- military training and refresher courses

-- exchange of basic information on confidence- and security-building measures

-- exchange of cadets, students and advisors.

Joint activities of military academies.

Visits and exchange of chiefs and units of the respective armed forces.

Exchanges of specialized military personnel in areas of personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, civil affairs, data processing, and others areas of interest.

Joint training exercises with armed forces of other countries.

Participation of commissioned and noncommissioned officers in athletic and cultural activities held by the armed forces of other countries.

Finally, the working group expressed interest in considering the possibility and desirability of a follow-up study on verification of confidence-building measures.

APPENDIX III

SUMMARY OF THE CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE III

Upon adjourning the committee, the Chairman of Working Committee III gave a summary of the Committee's work, stressing the following aspects:

SUMMARY OF THE CHAIRMAN -- COMMITTEE III

With regard to item 3 of the agenda, "favorable political context for implementing measures to strengthen and broaden confidence in the region," the following views were expressed on how the discussion might be channeled.

Mention was made of the importance of European experience with confidence-building measures, although this does not imply that these measures can be transplanted automatically to our region. Then, as an element of the new political context, the delegates indicated the end of the Cold War with the consequent detente; common democratic values; the process of growing economic and trade integration; and the new prospects for civilian-military relations, which will make it possible to implement genuine ongoing state policies.

Regarding future measures on this topic, the need was indicated to take into consideration existing institutions, and in addition, the varying situations prevailing in the hemisphere's subregions, as well as the varying impacts this produces in each subregion. Moreover, it was indicated that the concept of confidence is closely related to the concept of security. Confidence dissipates feelings of insecurity.

In addition, it was pointed out that, from the discussion, a wide range of conclusions might be reached regarding the level of confidence existing in the region. It was maintained that in fact there is prejudice and distrust that cannot be eliminated in a single session.

Among the obstacles to a favorable context are such factors as social uprisings, drug trafficking, and terrorism, all of which can have repercussions even at the international level.

It was also indicated that we should define what strengthens confidence measures themselves, with respect to the hemisphere security system.

It was pointed out that the region has made an enormously rich contribution to confidence- and security-building. What is needed today is to organize systematically what we have and define a set of initiatives to delineate the general framework for discussing confidence- and security-building measures to deal with the new international situation. It will also be necessary to assess the countries' political resolve to take concrete action in this regard.

Accordingly, existing cooperation ties in all spheres (military, political, academic, economic, etc.) should be included in the state's political framework, which is channeled by political officials.

The democratization of our countries, bilateral agreements, multilateral trade agreements, and the gradual but certain surmounting of border problems are creating the conditions of a political and legal framework favorable for mutual confidence.

In any case, we cannot conclude that everything is accomplished. There are still many complex challenges. Overcoming them requires intellectual exercises such as the one we are called to attend in Buenos Aires.

The determination that this is a propitious time should not cause us to lose sight of realism or caution in addressing the issues. Efforts to analyze these measures in depth must recognize the multiplicity and complexity of the factors involved in implementing them. Today's task consists of building an edifice of measures that are basically solid and lasting.

APPENDIX IV

SUMMARY OF THE CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE IV

The Chairman of Working Committee IV summarized the committee's work, stressing the following aspects:

The participants have presented a wide variety of opinions on this topic. However, their views have a number of points in common.

First, the OAS has established deep roots and an impressive history for considering hemisphere security.

Second, these deep roots can surely be strengthened and reaffirmed.

The delegates to this session set forth in particular, the following views for future development:

The OAS is the first multilateral organization in the hemisphere. The UN is the multilateral world organization. Both organizations should make use of their comparative advantages in confronting challenges in the area of security and establishment of peace and prosperity in the world and in the region.

The objectives of the OAS are security of the individual countries in the region and of the region itself, guarantee of respect and maintenance of democracy in all of the countries, regional defense of human rights, and promotion of economic development.

Illicit trafficking of drugs and small arms is a critical security problem.

There is a need to "reformulate" OAS mechanisms, including the Inter-American Defense Board.

Several delegations made specific suggestions in this session, including the following:

Measures to address the illicit trafficking in arms, particularly in connection with drug trafficking.

The possibility of establishing a center for preventing conflicts.

A conference of ministers of defense.

Resolving the question of the relationship between the Inter-American Defense Board and the OAS.

Restructuring the Inter-American Defense College.

More countries should take part in the United Nations register of conventional weapons and exchanges of standardized military expenditures.

Greater cooperation between the OAS and the UN.

More coordination of armed forces operations in the hemisphere.

Many confidence-building measures have now been developed (especially bilateral and subregional); this information should be exchanged.

Establish a central point for exchanges of information on confidence-building measures.

The possibility of establishing an early warning mechanism to detect any increases in tensions and try to neutralize them before they result in a conflict.

Find ways to enable the OAS to take into consideration the work done in other regional organizations on confidence-building measures.

Greater interaction among country representatives in the OAS and in the UN.

Exchanges of information on security.

APPENDIX V

SUMMARY OF THE CHAIRMAN OF WORKING COMMITTEE V

The Chairman of Working Committee V summarized the committee's work, stressing the following aspects:

Working Committee V dealt with the topic, "Development in Confidence-Building Measures in the United Nations."

The Chairman of the committee made a statement on this topic, based on document SEGRE/36/94.

The working committee took note of the presentation and of the document distributed.

APPENDIX VI

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE MEETING OF EXPERTS ON CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES IN THE REGION

"The experts agreed on recommending through the Chairman of the meeting that the competent organs of the Organization of American States should consider the following points:

Continue, through the OAS Special Committee on Hemispheric Security, examining the issues of confidence-building, and among other things, issues relating to the peaceful settlement of disputes and the prevention of conflicts.

Recommend that member countries implement, at the appropriate level and by whatever means they regard as suitable, various confidence-building measures.

Recommend that member countries report regularly to the competent OAS organs on implementation of confidence-building measures.

Instruct the Special Committee on Hemispheric Security to draw up, continuing the efforts started at the Buenos Aires meeting, a complete and systematic inventory of the confidence-building measures that are being implemented in the hemisphere, with a view to disseminating them and making them better known and more easily adopted and implemented at the bilateral, subregional and hemisphere level.

Proceed with consultations in the OAS for holding in 1995 a Regional Conference on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures in the Region, which Chile has offered to host.

Vigorously encourage implementation of the recommendations in resolution AG/RES. 1179 and other pertinent General Assembly resolutions.

The Meeting of Experts thanked the Argentine officials for organizing the meeting and for their many courtesies, and expressed satisfaction at the results achieved at the Buenos Aires meeting."

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